CNC Knowledge: Drilling crafts, collection

As the most common tools in the treatment of holes, the forest is widely used in mechanical manufacturing, in particular for the treatment of parts such as cooling devices, steam boards and steam generators for devices cooling, electricity production equipment and steam generators. and important.

1.

There are generally two main cutting blades in the forest. The entrance angle of the forest is increasingly large of the central axis on the outside edge. The horizontal blade of the drilling head is located near the central axis of the rotary.

If the horizontal blade mouth is divided into type A or C in DIN1414, the cutting blade near the central axis is a positive front corner, which can reduce cutting resistance and considerably improve cutting performance.

Depending on the different forms, materials, structures, functions, etc., drills can be divided into many types, such as high -speed steel exercises (torsion diamonds, group diamonds, flat diamonds), hard alloy forests Global, transposition of shallow forests, drilling of deep holes, kit drills and replacement exercises.

Second, crumbs and crumbs

The drill cut is made in a narrow space hole. The forms of current dandruff include fleas, conduits, fries, tapered spiral dandruff, band -shaped dandruff, fan -shaped dandruff, powder crumbs, etc.

The key to form control of treatment palines

When the shape of the dandruff is inappropriate, the following problems will occur:

① Minimum hats block the groove of the blade, affect the drilling accuracy, reduce the duration of the drill and even break the forest (such as powder crumbs, fan -shaped dandruff, etc.);

② Long -cut dandruff roll the drill, which hinders the operation, leads to damage the forest or hinders the cutting liquid in the hole (such as spiral dandruff, band -shaped dandruff, etc.).

How to solve the problem of the inappropriate shade form:

① Methods such as increased diet, disconnected foods, grinding horizontal blade and dandruff device can be adopted separately or united, and the effects of crumbs and crumbs can be improved and the problems caused by The chips are eliminated.

② Use a professional broken forest. For example, the addition of the chip blade to the dross of the forest to interrupt the pieces of dandruff easier to remove. Dedication is gently eliminated along the groove, and it will not occur in the groove. As a result, the new type of broken dandruff obtained a much smooth cutting effect than the traditional forest.

At the same time, short iron shavings reinforce the easier coolant at the cutting edge of the drill, which further improves the thermal dissipation effect and the reduction of performance in the processing process. And because the newly added pamiliages carry the whole groove of the drill, it can always maintain its shape and its function after many repairs. In addition to improving the above functions, it should be mentioned that the design strengthens the rigidity of the diamond, which considerably increases the number of exercises before a single repair.

Third, the precision of the drilling

The accuracy of the holes is mainly composed of the size of the diameter of the pores, the precision of the position, the coaxiality, the roundness, the roughness of the surface and the burrs of pores.

Factors affecting the accuracy of treatment of treatment during drilling treatment:

① The precision and the cutting conditions of the forest, such as the clip, the cutting speed, the power volume, the cutting fluid, etc.;

② Size and drilling shape, such as the length of the forest, the shape of the blade, the shape of the rhinestone, etc.;

③ The shape of the part, such as the shape of the mouth of the pores, the shape of the hole, the thickness, the thickness of the map and the condition of the card.

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1 extension

Expansion is caused by the drilling of the forest during treatment. The swing of the knife clip has a great impact on the precision of positioning of the opening and the holes, so when the clip is seriously worn, the new knife clip must be replaced in time. During the drilling of the small holes, the measurement and adjustment of the swing are difficult, it is therefore preferable to use a small diameter of the thick blade with a better co-arbre of the blade and the handle of the handle. During treatment with heavy milling forests, the cause of the reduction in the precision of the holes is mainly due to the asymmetry of the following form. Checking the difference in height between the blade can effectively remove the quantity of hole.

2 rounding holes

Due to the vibration of the drill, the type of pore of the drill is easy to be polygonal and the lines of the lines appear on the wall of the hole. The common polygon holes are mainly triangular or pentagonic. The reason for the generation of triangular holes is that there are two rotary centers in the forest during drilling. provoking the membership of the line pattern composed on the wall of the hole. When the depth of the drilling hole reaches a certain degree, the friction between the borehole blade with edges and the wall of the hole increases, the vibration is attenuated, the re-line disappears and the roundness becomes better. This type of pore is a type of funnel in the vertical section. For the same reason, pentagonal holes and seven factions may appear during the cut. In order to eliminate this phenomenon, in addition to control factors such as the vibration of the chip, the difference in height of the cutting blade, the asymmetry of the back and the shape of the blade petals, the rigidity of the drill is also adopted as horizontal blades.

3 drilling on the slope and the curved surface

When the drilling head eats or drilling surfaces, the positioning precision is poor when the diagonal surface, the curved surface or the scale.

In order to improve the accuracy of positioning, the following measures can be taken:

1. First drill the central hole;

2. Use a Till -To -Cutting cutter at the milling seat;

3. Choose exercises with good entry and good rigidity;

4. Reduce the speed of the power supply.

4 Treatment of the link

During the transformation of the borehole, Burrs will appear at the entrance and out of the hole, especially when the material and the leaves with a high treatment of treatment. The reason is that when the forest is about to drill, the treatment material is deformed in plastic. The action of chamfer and the edge of the blade, it is also wrapped to form loops or edges of hair.

Fourth, drilling treatment conditions

The list of general drilling products samples has the “reference form for the basic cutting dose” organized according to the treatment material. If selection of cutting conditions should be a full judgment according to factors such as the precision of treatment, the efficiency of the treatment and the drilling life by the trial cut.

1 Drill Head Life and Treatment Efficiency

Under the premise of meeting the technical requirements of the treatment part, if the forest is properly used to measure in depth depending on the lifespan and efficiency of processing of the forest. The drill assessment indicators can be selected in the cutting path; The processing evaluation index can be selected. For high -speed steel exercises, the drilling lifespan is greatly affected by the speed of rotation, and it is less affected by the quantity of transfer to the quantity. exercises by increasing the amount. However, it should be noted that if the amount is too large, the dandruff will increase the dandruff, which will cause difficulties to break the dandruff, so you must determine that the scope of the amount can be successfully cut into the range by Cup D ‘essay. For the hard alloy forest, the cutting blade has a large direction of Chamfer in the front of the cut blade. Because the heat resistance of the hard alloy drill is higher than that of high -speed steel drills, the speed of rotation has a little impact on the duration of the hard edge with the method of increasing the speed of rotation and to ensure the life of the drill.

2 Reasonable use of cutting fluid

The cutting of the exercise is carried out in a narrow hole, so that the type of cutting solution and the injection method have a great impact on the lifespan of the exercise and the accuracy of treatment of the hole. The cutting fluid can be divided into two categories: soluble in water and not of water. The lubrication, infiltration and adhesiveness of the cutting liquid not soluble by water is better, and it also has rust resistant effects. The cooling properties of the soluble cutting liquid in the water are better, without smoking and non -flammable. By consideration of environmental protection, the amount of water soluble cutting liquid in recent years has been important. However, if the dilution rate of the soluble cutting liquid in water is inappropriate or if the cutting liquid deteriorates, it will considerably shorten the life of the tool, then pay attention to the use. Whether it is soluble cut or not on water, the cutting solution must be fully reached at the cutting point in the use, and at the same time, the flow, the pressure, the number of edges , the cooling method (cold or cold) of the cutting fluid must be strictly controlled.

Five, the stroke of the drilling head

Defense of the drilling bottom

The criteria of discrimination in the exercise must be re -blade ::

1. The amount of wear on the mouth of the cut blade, horizontal blade, blade with edges;

2. The precision of the size and roughness of the treatment hole;

3. Colors and shapes of dandruff;

4. Cutting resistance (indirect value of the spit, noise, vibrations and other indirect values);

5. Quantity of treatment.

In real use, precise and practical judgment standards must be determined according to the specific situation. When the quantity of wear is used as a criterion, the best period of economy with heavy wear should be found. Given that the main blade grinding parts are behind the head and the horizontal blade, as the bitter wear of the borehole is too large, the blade has a large amount of grinding, the quantity of grinding is reduced and that the number heavy grinding time is reduced (the total lifespan of the tool = the life of the knife after a heavy grinding × can be available the number of heavy molds) will shorten the total lifespan of the drilling head; Standard of criterion, column regulations or limited regulations verify expansion and non -direct degree, etc. Limit (like the main axis current);

The blade of the drilling head

When reducing the forest, it is preferable to use a drilling head to grind a special tool machine or a grinding machine for universal tools, which is very important to ensure the life of the forest and treatment accuracy. If the original diamond -type treatment status is good, it can be crushed depending on the type of original drilling;

Pay attention to the following points when the blade is crushed:

1. prevent overheating and avoid reducing the hardness of the drill;

2. Remove the damage on the drill (in particular damage to the edge of the blade with the edge of the blade);

3. The drilling must be symmetrical;

4. Be sure not to touch the blade’s mouth during the grinding blade and remove the burrs after the blade;

5. For hard alloy drilling, the shape of grinding the blade has a great impact on the performance of the drill. The type must generally be maintained when the blade grinding.