| One prototype, complex 3D shape | 5-axis machining from laminate | No tooling cost, geometry changes are free |
| Flat bracket, holes and trim only | 3-axis routing from cured panel | Fastest and cheapest per part |
| Hollow or closed section | Molded shell, then machined interfaces | Machining cannot create internal voids |
| Run above 5,000 identical parts | Compression mold with net-shape trim | Tooling pays back on cycle time |
| Tolerance under ±0.02 mm on a bore | Machine the bore after layup | Cure shrinkage moves the hole, not the cutter |
| Cosmetic visible weave surface | Machine from the back face | Keeps the show surface untouched |