The Intricate World of Cutting Tools: Understanding Geometrical Angles and their Impact on Machining
As machining experts know, cutting tools are an essential part of the entire machining process. Among the various types of cutting tools, the filming tool is one of the most representative and simple in structure. In this article, we’ll delve into the intricacies of cutting tool design, exploring the significance of geometrical angles in machining and their impact on the quality and lifespan of the tool.
Main Components of the Cutting Tool
The cutting tool for the filming tool consists of several key components, each playing a crucial role in the machining process. These include:
- The cutting surface of the blade, where the chips are obtained by cutting the front section (Aγ)
- The surface of the tool sheet of the main back surface (Aα) opposite the transition surface
- The surface on the tool sheet opposed to the treated surface
- The cutting edge obtained by crossing the front cut edge and the secondary back edge edge, used to cut the transition surface on the part to complete the main metal cut
- The main edge, the main machining edge used to cut the metal material
- The cutting edge obtained by crossing the front cut edge and the secondary back edge edge, used to cooperate with the main main edge to complete the cutting of metal materials and forming the transformed surface of the room
- The tip of the tool, connecting the main main edge and the secondary back edge edge, with various shapes depending on the tool used (e.g., chamfered points and rounded points).
Geometric Angles of the Tool Cutting Part
To accurately describe the geometric parameters of the tool, a reference coordinate system is required. In this article, we’ll use a coordinate system specifically designed for the filming tool, as shown in Figure 1-5. This system consists of three mutually perpendicular axes, with plans where the axes are also perpendicular to each other.
The main surface (PR) is a plan perpendicular to the main direction of movement through a selected point on the cutting edge. The cutting plan (PS) is a plan perpendicular to the base surface through a point selected on the cutting edge. The orthogonal plan (PO) is a plan that selects the points through the cut edge and is perpendicular to both the base surface and the cutting plane at the same time. With this coordinate system, all geometric parameters of the tool can be measured.
Key Geometric Angles of the Tool
Some of the key angles in the tool are spatial angles, and as such, all geometric parameters of the tool can be measured in a specific plan within this coordinate system. The following angles are crucial in the design and development of machining tools:
- Front angle (γ0): The angle between the surface of the front blade and the base surface. When the angle between the surface of the current tool and the cutting plane is less than 90°, the front angle is positive. This angle has a significant impact on the cutting performance of the tool.
- Rear angle (α0): The angle between the rear plane and the cutting plane. When the angle between the surface of the rear tool and the base surface is less than 90°, the rear angle is a positive value. The presence of the rear angle significantly reduces the friction between the surface of the backcut and the processing surface of treatment.
- Coin angle (β0): The angle between the surface of the front and rear blade.
B0 = 90° – (γ0 + A0)
Angles Measured in the Basic Surface (PR)
The geometric angles measured in the basic surface (PR) are:
- Main deviation angle (κγ): The angle between the main cutting plane and the movement of the supposed food. The main deviation angle is always positive.
- Sub-decline angle (κγ`): The angle between the secondary cutting plane and the opposite direction of the supposed power movement.
- Point of the runner (εγ): The angle between the main cutting plane and the secondary cutting plane.
Ex = 180° – (kg + kg`)
Angles Measured in the Cutting Plan (PS)
The geometric angles measured in the cutting plan (PS) are:
- Board tilt angle (λS): The angle between the main cutting edge and the base surface. The positive and negative values of the inclination of the blade are defined as follows: when the tip of the blade is higher than the mounting surface of the shift of the turn of the turn, the inclination of the blade is a positive value; when the cutting edge is parallel to the mounting surface of the stem, the tilt angle of the edge is 0°.
In conclusion, a thorough understanding of the geometrical angles in cutting tools is crucial for the design and development of machining tools. By analyzing the intricacies of cutting tool design, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the importance of these angles and their impact on the quality and lifespan of the tool. As machinists and tool designers, it is essential to comprehend the significance of these angles and how they affect the cutting performance of the tool, ultimately leading to more efficient and effective machining processes.
