If a CNC machine wishes to operate continuously and reliably for a long period, in addition to the quality factors of the tool-tool itself, it is also closely linked to appropriate maintenance, to timely troubleshooting and to A timely repair during use. From the point of view of improving the efficiency of CNC machines, maintenance must include two meanings: on the one hand, it is daily maintenance (preventive maintenance), which consists in prolonging the average timeless time of the MTBF machine-tool; On the other hand, it is the repair of defects, what the aim is to shorten the average repair time MTTR as much as possible. Doing these two tasks well is the basic warranty to give a complete game to the efficiency of the equipment.
In order to give a complete game to the advantages of CNC machine tools, it is important to do preventive maintenance, so that the CNC system has fewer defects and improves the system-free working time. In addition, repairs must be prepared at any time and repairs must be carried out in time when a system does not minimize stop and repair time. This forces you to be familiar with the structure and performance of the equipment, the composition and the basic operation of the CNC system, include detection points on the printed circuit card used in the maintenance system and control its normal level And its wavelems, therefore as to compare and analyze repair failures. In addition, the technical data and the original parameters of the CNC system and the programmable controller (PLC) must be properly preserved, as well as commonly used typical parts programs. Depending on actual use, some vulnerable spare parts can be appropriately equipped, such as fuses, brushes, transistor modules and printed circuits that are subject to failure. For spare circulation cards, they must be installed regularly on the CNC system and operate to avoid failure due to long -term use.
The key to preventive maintenance is to strengthen daily maintenance and maintenance, and the following must generally be carried out:
1. The programmer, operating and maintenance staff of the CNC system equipped with CNC machine tools should be familiar with the characteristics of the mechanical structure, CNC devices, solid electrical equipment, hydraulic systems, circuits Gas and other parts of the equipment used, as well as as an evidence of use and specified processing conditions. And strictly use the machine-tool properly and reasonably in accordance with the requirements of the instructions for the use of the machine tool and the CNC device, and try to avoid defects caused by inappropriate operation.
2. Many systems use paper band reading machines as a program entry device. If there is dirt on the band reader’s reading part (that is to say the light part and receipt of the light of the reading head), the information band information will be incorrect. Plate and surface of the ribbon canal on paper will be on the surface of the reading head, the paper ribbon pressing plate and the surface of the paper ribbon canal. The mobile parts of the ribbon reading machine on paper, such as the wheel roller, the guide compression roller, the tension traction roll, etc., must be cleaned regularly and ensure good lubrication.
3. Regularly clean the air filter. When there is a lot of dust in the air filter installed on the CNC cabinet and the doors of the electric cabinet, this will cause poor cooling air circulation in the cabinet. reliably. Consequently, regular inspections should be carried out according to the environment of use and removed and cleaned at least once every six months. The specific method is: first remove the fixing screws, remove the inner nucleus from the air filter and use compressed air to blow the dust on the filter from the inside to the outside. If the filter is dirty, you can also gently vibrate the filter at the same time. The filter element in a cool and ventilated place to simply dry.
4. regularly maintain the battery. For CNC devices that use CMOS memory to store system settings, to avoid loss of parameters during the current failure, the battery is used to maintain them. When the battery voltage is less than the CMOS maintenance voltage, the battery can be automatically loaded when the tool-tool is on. In normal circumstances, the battery may ensure that the information is stored for more than 1000 hours after the current outlet. To reconstruct the battery. If this type of CNC device displays a battery failure alarm on the CRT or with an indicator, it means that the tension is too low and that the battery has failed and a new battery must be replaced. In order to save the original data, the battery must be replaced by the power supply and polarity of the battery should not be reversed.
5. The DC service engine must be inspected and cleaned regularly. The DC servomotor has a brush that rubs into contact with the switch and is gradually worn. After excessive brush wear, it will affect engine working performance and even cause engine damage. For general machines such as CNC towers, CNC milling machines and machining machines, they can be inspected once a year; During the inspection, the power supply to the CNC system must be disconnected and the engine has been completely cooled. When the brush brings half its original length, it should no longer be used and the new brushes of the same model should be replaced. The second step should check carefully if there are grooves or deep cracks in the arc contact surface of the brush and the switch, and if there are ignition marks on the spring of the brush. The switch must be carefully checked. If the switch is normal, you can replace the new brush and check it again after a month; Before installing a new brush, clean the compressed air without metal powder and humidity to clean the holes of the brush and make sure to blow the brush powder glued to the wall of the hole. If it is difficult to blow, you can use a screwdriver and other tools to help clean until the hole walls are completely clean. However, be sure to avoid the tip of the screwdriver damaging the switch surface and the hole wall. Finally, install the new brush, tighten the lid of the brush and let the servomotor are empty for a time of time to ensure that the surface of the new brush corresponds to the switch.
6. Pay attention to the sealing of the CNC cabinet door. In general, you should avoid opening the door of the CNC cabinet at will, in particular for the operation of the open long -term door. The air filter should be cleaned in time. It is never possible to use the opening method of the cabinet door to dissipate heat, otherwise it will be more profitable. Because there is a lot of dust, fog of oil and metal powder floating in the air in the workshop, these debris fall on printed circuit cards and electronic components, which can easily make the lost Resistance to insulation and cause a failure of the components, and even cause components and printing on the printed circuit is damaged and rebuilt. Especially for CNC machine tools which install the pin control system in a strong electric cabinet, if the door of the strong electric cabinet is not closed well or if the seal is poor, it can easily damage the components electricity and cause a failure of the control of the spindle.
7. Regularly clean the cooling device to improve the thermal dissipation effect. Some servomotors or spindle engines are equipped with forced cooling devices on the case. loss. Therefore, these cooling devices should be cleaned regularly. Or a good stick can be used to blow it up. However, be cautious when you operate, do not press and do not deform the heat sink and overlap them to avoid affecting the thermal dissipation effect. The above cleaning cycle is generally once every six months and can also be shortened appropriately depending on the specific circumstances.
8. For CNC machine tools that are not used for a long time, the CNC system should be supplied frequently and the tool-tool should be used empty when locked. During the rainy season in the south, where air humidity is high, electricity must be lit every day, and the heat emitted by the electrical components themselves must be used to hunt the humidity of The CNC cabinet. To ensure the stability and reliability of circuit performance. The practice has proven that various types of failures are often likely to occur after having passed unused machine tools. If the CNC machine is inactive for more than half a year, the DC servomotor engine brushes should be removed to avoid the corrosion of the switch surface due to the chemical effects, deterioration in switch performance and even damage to the engine.
9. For parts that frequently move on the tool machine, both mechanically and control readers, they must be inspected regularly. For example, in order to ensure the reliability of the functioning of the machine tool, many racing switches that limit the movement position are used. The reliability of these racing switches directly affects the work reliability of the entire machine. In addition, the mechanical and electrical structures of the automatic modification of the tool on the tool-tool are relatively complex and are subject to failure. The racing switch which detects the operating position of the robot.
Any CNC machine will inevitably suffer from wear and failure after long -term operation. tool to work reliably for a long time. The manual of general tool instructions has specific requirements for maintenance inspection and must be used strictly in accordance with regulations.
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