1. Exterior shooting
Ordinary cylindrical turning involves processing the cylindrical surface of workpieces to achieve the required dimensional and geometric accuracy and surface quality. Ordinary cylindrical turning tools are divided into 95°, 90°, 75°, 60°, 45°, etc. according to the main deviation angle of the tool When cutting with tools with main deviation angles of 90° and 95°, the axis. the force is larger and the radial force is smaller, suitable for turning thin shaft parts, 75°, 60° and 45° lead angle tools are suitable for turning the outer circle of short and thick parts , including the angle of attack of 45°. The tool can also perform 45° chamfer turning.
Negative angle blade turning tools are more economical than positive angle blade turning tools, while positive angle blade turning tools have sharp edges and cut quickly. However, positive angle blades are generally smaller in size and only suitable for smaller backs. cutting and small quantities in advance. Negative angle blades can be larger and can be used for high back cutting and high feed processing. The tool tip strength is also better than positive angle blades (blade blades with the). same shape, size and tip arc). Different blade shapes have different edge strengths, different effective cutting edge lengths, and different numbers of tool tips available.
2. End of filming
End turning refers to the process of cutting the end face of the workpiece by the main cutting edge.
1. Things to Note When Carving the End Face
1) The tip of the turning tool should be aligned with the center of the workpiece to avoid leaving a boss in the center of the turned end face.
2) The end face of the tool is turned sideways. When the cutting amount at the back is large, it is easy to get stuck. Selection of ap back cutting amount: ap = 0.5 ~ 3mm during rough turning.
When fine turning, ap=0.05~0.2mm.
3) The diameter of the end face changes from outside to the center, and the cutting speed also changes when calculating the cutting speed, it should be calculated according to the maximum diameter of the end face .
4) If there is a concave center or bulge on the end face with larger diameter, check whether the turning tool and square tool holder, as well as the large sliding plate are locked. In order for the turning tool to advance sideways accurately, the central sliding plate must be fixed to the bed, and the rear tool holder must be adjusted with a small tool holder.
5) When the quality requirements of end faces are high, the last cut should be cut from the center outwards.
2. Car end surface quality analysis
1) The end face is uneven, resulting in convex and concave phenomena or a “small head” left in the center of the end face, the reason is that the turning tool is installed incorrectly, the tip of the tool is not aligned with the center of ; the workpiece, the back of the tool is too large and there is a gap in the lathe caused by the movement of the sliding plate.
2) Poor surface roughness. The reasons are that the turning tool is not sharp, the manual movement of the tool is irregular or too fast, and the automatic feed amount is incorrectly selected.
3. Turning the internal hole
The characteristics of inner hole turning are as follows: in a semi-closed state, it is inconvenient to observe the chip removal situation, which affects the processing quality. Cutting deep holes often causes vibration of the tool holder, leading to rapid wear of the cutting edge. Carbide tool holders are used for cutting small diameter holes, and vibration absorbing tool holders are used for medium and large diameter holes.
During cylindrical turning, the workpiece length and tool holder size selected have no effect on the tool overhang and can therefore withstand the cutting forces generated during machining. When boring and internal turning, since the depth of the hole determines the overhang, the diameter of the hole and the length of the workpiece greatly limit the choice of tool.
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