3D printing of PEEK, composite materials and their research advances in the field of oral medicine

Polyetheretherketone(LOOK)It is a semi-crystalline polymer aromatic material. It has the physical and chemical characteristics of stable chemical properties at high temperatures and excellent friction properties. It also has good biocompatibility, mechanical properties, mechanical properties,XWith advantages such as radiolucency and non-cytotoxicity, it is considered that it can be used to replace traditional dental materials.(such as metallic or ceramic materials)。

Also,AT A GLANCEThe elastic modulus is closer to the elastic modulus of human cortical bone and dentin, which avoids the stress protection effect. Its color is close to that of dental tissue, which improves patient comfort and satisfaction. It has been studied in depth due to its many elements. benefits.AT A GLANCEResearch on implants, temporary abutments, fixed prostheses and removable denture supports has gradually developed, and its application in the field of oral medicine has attracted the attention of researchers at home and abroad.

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AT A GLANCEApplication in the field of dental implantology

20century60In the 1990s, endosseous dental implants were mainly made of pure titanium and titanium alloys (such asTi-6Al-7Nb、Ti-6Al-4Vetc.) mainly. Although titanium implants are supported by a large body of experimental and clinical evidence, there are still some problems with their clinical use. One is the potential sensitization of titanium; secondly, compared with human bone tissue, the elastic modulus of titanium is too high, and reconstruction or loss of bone tissue is likely to occur; third, metal implants lack light transmission, which affects their appearance.1998year, United KingdomInvibioThe company launchedAT A GLANCEImplants. With marketingAT A GLANCEWith the advent of implants, related research has gradually developed.AT A GLANCEand its modified materials have good performance. Some researchers believe that.AT A GLANCEImplants can avoid the stress protection effect and can even replace metal implants in plastic surgery, trauma surgery and other fields.

Osteointegration

AT A GLANCEAs an inert material, it has little interaction with surrounding tissues. Some researchers are concernedAT A GLANCEA series of cell experiments were conducted and the results showed that compared with titanium in promoting cell proliferation,AT A GLANCECells proliferating on the surface showed stronger inflammatory proliferation and more obvious fibrous interactions with bone tissue.

According to research results, the placement of implants4Zhou Yu8Over the course of the week, the titanium-coated implants showed significantly increased bone density.–Contact rate with implants.

AT A GLANCEbase

Compared to titanium or zirconia abutments,AT A GLANCECutting the pillars is easier. Also,AT A GLANCEIt can also be used as a superior support material for implant restoration and can be used with gingival-colored materials to reduce the weight of the restoration while ensuring the red aesthetic effect. Therefore, for implant abutments,AT A GLANCECan be used as an alternative to metal or porcelain.

3DPrintAT A GLANCEmethod

search resultsAT A GLANCEIts biological activity, osteogenic efficiency and antibacterial properties can be effectively improved through surface treatment or the addition of different materials.3DPrinting technology has unique advantages and can accurately print modificationsAT A GLANCEComposite materials are printed into oral restorations or implants with excellent performance that matches each patient, saving patients the time of multiple visits due to inappropriate restorations, and at the same time improving the Physicians’ effectiveness in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

This article will focus on the current3DprintedAT A GLANCEmethod,AT A GLANCEThis article reviews composite materials, their surface treatment methods and their clinical application in the field of oral medicine to provide a reference for researchers.

at present,AT A GLANCEThe processing method for manufacturing dental restorations is vacuum injection molding, computer-aided design and manufacturing.(CAD/CAM)cutting method and3DPrinting technology. The vacuum and pressure injection molding method has high technical requirements and complex production procedures.AT A GLANCEIt is resistant to high temperatures and has poor fluidity when melted, so there is a risk of incomplete injection molding.

CAD/CAMThe cutting method simplifies the production procedure, reduces production time and obtains a more precise model. However, it requires sufficient computer knowledge of doctors and technicians and wastes raw materials.3DPrinting technology has the advantages of being fast, efficient and economical. More and more researchers will do this.AT A GLANCEAnd3DThe combination of printing technology is the current research and application direction.

3DPrinting technology also known as additive manufacturing(AM)It is based on computer-aided design3DModel, process the model, and stack it layer by layer from bottom to top to form a custom processing method.

3DThe main printing process is:

(1)Digital software acquires data and creates 3D models;

(2)Convert the template file to format and then import it into the printing device, using3DThe printing method creates custom restorations.

Compared with traditional cutting methods,3DPrinting has the characteristics of preparing samples with complex and fine multi-layer structures, avoiding waste of raw materials, reducing production costs and improving work efficiency.

becauseAT A GLANCEThere are problems with low biological activity and insufficient autonomous antibacterial performance, which seriously affect its bone integration efficiency. The study found that.FDMprinted methodAT A GLANCEComposite materials can be effectively improved by adding active nanoparticles or fiber reinforcements.AT A GLANCEThe biological activity improves the effectiveness of the bond with bone tissue.

At present, the above-mentioned composite materials mainly include those that optimize osteogenic activity.3DHydroxyapatite Print-PEEKComposite materials, optimized mechanical properties3DPrinted carbon fiber reinforcement-PEEKcomposite materials.

1.Optimize osteogenic activity3DHydroxyapatite Print-PEEKcomposite materials

Hydroxyapatite(HA)consists of inorganic components(like bones and teeth)and organic ingredients(like collagen fibers)It has good biological safety and osteogenic activity. It is similar to the composition of human bone tissue, so it is often used as a bone replacement material in clinical practice. However, simplyHAIt is relatively fragile and cannot be used alone to repair bone tissue with significant defects. His research therefore mainly focuses on improving the properties of other biomaterials.

FamilyWaiting for the generalsHAAndAT A GLANCEThe powder is mixed into filaments and the powder modified3DThe printer prints different quality scores(0%~30%)ofPEEK-HAsample. Found under scanning electron microscopeHAThe particles are distributed uniformly over the sample surface.

Oladapoto useFDMHydroxyapatite with different mass fractions was prepared(0%~20%)ofPEEK/CHAPcomposite materials, the results show15%ofPEEK/CHAPThe mechanical properties are ideal. In vitro culture medium rich in glucose(DMEM)The results of the tests on the culture supernatant also showed thatPEEK/CHAPComposite material than pureAT A GLANCEHas better adhesion, proliferation and cellular activity.

ZhengWaiting to passFDMprintPEEK-HAComposite scaffolds onto which mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor cells were then(MC3T3-E1)Cell proliferation experiments have shown that cells with surfaces with a microporous structurePEEK-HAComposite materials can greatly promoteMC3T3-E1Cellular attachment and mineralization. SO,HAAndAT A GLANCEThe combination can significantly increase the osteogenic activity of cells and improveAT A GLANCEbiological activity.

2． Optimize mechanical properties3DPrinted fiber reinforcement-PEEKcomposite materials

for improvementAT A GLANCEMechanical properties, researchers found that adding different carbon fiber contents(CF)or fiberglass(GF)Can be improvedAT A GLANCEmechanical resistance.HeWaiting for the generalsFDMpureAT A GLANCEand reinforced with carbon fiberAT A GLANCEcomposite materials(CFR-PEEK)The mechanical properties were tested and the sample surface was roughened and refined at the same time. The results showed that.3DAfter printingCFR-PEEKThe mechanical strength of the sample is significantly better than that of the pure sample.AT A GLANCEsample.

Image source: Internet

WangDiscussed3DPrint different parameters(Nozzle temperature, platform temperature, layer thickness, etc.)pureAT A GLANCE、CF/PEEK、GF/PEEKThe influence of mechanical properties, experimental results show5%CF/PEEKAnd5%GF/PEEKHas higher tensile strength and flexural strength.

SO,3DAfter printingAT A GLANCEAdding an appropriate amount of carbon fiber or glass fiber can improve the mechanical properties of the material and be more consistent with the mechanical properties of human bone tissue.

source:Aibang medical polymer