Compared to the surface treatment of the outer circle, the conditions of the treatment of the hole are much worse and the treatment holes are more difficult than the treatment of the external circle. It’s because:
1) The size of the knife used in the treatment of the hole is limited by the size of the treatment hole, and the rigidity is bad, which is subject to flexion and vibrations;
2) When processing holes with a fixed size tool, the size of the hole treatment often depends on the corresponding size of the tool.
3) During the treatment hole, the cutting area is inside the room, with bad dandruff and heat dissipation conditions, and the treatment accuracy and the quality of the surface are not easy to control .
1
Drilling and expansion
(1) drilling
Drilling is the first process of treatment of holes on solid materials. There are two ways to form the treatment: one is the rotation of the drilling head; The other is the rotation of the room. The error generated by the two drilling methods above is different. will occur or not, but the diameter of pores is fundamentally unchanged; The method of drilling the part rotation is the opposite.
The drilling knife commonly used A: to twist the diamond, the central diamond, the deep hole diamond, etc. Most often used is diamond torsion, and its diameter specifications are φ0.1-80 mm.
Due to the restrictions on the structure, the curved rigidity and the rigidity of the torsion of the drill head are low, associated with poor determination, the precision of the treatment of the drilling is low and can generally only reach it 13 ~ IT11 ; and PR is generally 50 to 12.5 μm; But the metal resection rate is high and the cutting efficiency is high. Diamond holes are mainly used for holes with low transformation quality requirements, such as bolts, lower thread holes, oil holes, etc. For holes with high treatment accuracy and surface quality requirements, they must be obtained by expansion, rectus, pores or grinding holes during subsequent treatment.
(2) Expansion
The expansion is dealing with a diamond diamond hole, flowing or forging to extend the diameter of pores and improve the quality of pores. Expansion diamonds are similar to twist diamonds, but the number of dental teeth is large and there is no horizontal blade.
Compared to drilling, expansion has the following characteristics:
1) The diamond diamonds are large (3 ~ 8 teeth), good orientation and the cut is relatively stable;
2) There is no horizontal blade with the extension exercise, and the cutting conditions are good;
3) The amount of treatment has a small amount of treatment, the crumbs can be manufactured shallow, the stratage can be thicker and the resistance and rigidity of the knife are better. The accuracy of the expansion treatment is generally at the level of 11 ~ IT10, and the roughness of the RA surface is 12.5 ~ 6.3 μm. Expansion is commonly used for holes with less than diameter of treatment. When the hole of large diameter (d ≥30 mm), the pre-sewer hole is used to use a small forest (0.5 ~ 0.7 times with a diameter of the diameter), then use the corresponding size to enlarge the pores. This can increase pores.
In addition to treating cylindrical holes, expansion can also use a variety of special shape expansion diamonds (also known as diamond diamond) to treat various sediment holes and flat ends. The front end of the drilling diamond often has a guide column, which is guided with a treatment hole.
2
Hinge
The reed is one of the hole precision treatment methods, which is widely used in production. For smaller holes, compared to internal and refined round grinding, the rectus is a more economical and practical treatment method.
(1) Hoy
The re of the re-is divided into two types: the hinge and the machine. The handle of the accommodation with the hand is a straight handle. The machine has two structures with a handle with a reed. Not only may be the re-transmitted round hole perhaps, but also a pyramid hole can be used to use a pyramid pyramid of the pyramid.
(2) Rectus technology and its application
The balance of the reissued re has a great impact on the quality of the reissued, the remaining quantity is too large, the load of the re-cuts is large, the cutting blade is quickly blunt, it is not easy to obtain A smooth treatment surface, and size tolerance is not easy to guarantee. Generally, the quantity of coarse hinge is 0.35 to 0.15 mm and the fuel hinge is 0.15 to 0.05 mm.
In order to avoid dandruff tumors, reeds generally use a lower cut speed (when the steel with high speed re-flow and cast iron, V <8m / min) are treated. The value of the supply volume is linked to the diameter of treatment pores.
When the Rehnsishus holes, the appropriate cutting fluid must be cooled, lubricated and cleaned to prevent dandruff tumors and remove the fleas over time. Compared to grinding holes and holes, pores have high productivity and are easy to guarantee the accuracy of the hole. by the previous process. The accommodation is not suitable for the treatment of scale holes and blind holes.
The accuracy of the size of the reed is generally 9 ～ IT7, and the RA surface roughness is generally 3.2 ~ 0.8 μm. For holes (such as level 7 accuracy holes) with high requirements for average size and precision, the diamond-expansion process is a typical treatment scheme commonly used in production.
3
Pore
The holes are a treatment method that widens the cutting knife on the prefabricated hole.
(1) Pole method
There are three different treated methods.
1) The part turns and the tools are made to sports on the Tour. The characteristics of the process are: the axis line of the hole after treatment is the same as the part of the room. This drilling method is suitable for a hole with the same requirements of the tree on the surface of the outer circle.
2) The knife is turned, the room is made on the main axis of the sports bed to drive the knife to turn, and the work drives the room to move.
3) The tone of the knife turns and the movement is used to use this type of holes. In addition, the stem extension length has increased and the flexion deformation caused by the main axis has also increased, and the axis of the treatment hole will be curved accordingly. This type of holes is only suitable for short transformation holes.
(2) King Kong 刚
Compared to medium holes, the characteristics of King Kong are small, with a small amount of knife, a small amount of power and a high cutting speed. Vajrayana was transformed for the first time with Diamond Knife, and now it is generally used in knives in hard, CBN alloy and artificial diamonds. It is mainly used for the treatment of non -ferrous metal parts and can also be used for the treatment of cast iron and steel parts.
The quantity of cut commonly used in King Kong is ::
Eating the knife volume predecessor is 0.2 to 0.6 mm,
The end is 0.1 mm;
The supply volume is 0.01 ~ 0.14 mm / r;
Cutting speed processing is 100 ~ 250 m / min,
When processing steel is 150 to 300 m / min,
When processing non -ferrous metals is 300 to 2000 m / min.
In order to deposit the high treatment of treatment and the quality of surface for safety, the machine tool (diamond bed) must have high geometric precision and rigidity. that the sreator can make a stable and weak input movement.
Vajrayana has good quality of treatment and high production efficiency. Machine tool. However, it is necessary to draw attention: when processing black metal products with diamonds, you can only use a hard and CBN alloy knife.
(3)
The knife can be divided into a single knife and a double edition knife.
(4) The technical characteristics and the scope of the application of the holes
Compared to the drilling -expansion technology -Hing, the size of the diameter of the pores is not limited by the size of the knife, and the holes have a strong error correction capacity.
Compared to the outer circle of the cavity, due to the poor rigidity and the deformation of the knife system, the cooling and diligence conditions are not good, the thermal deformation of the parts and the tools is relatively large and the quality treatment and efficiency of the production of the effectiveness of the holes are not as high as the external circle of the vehicle is high.
In summary, the analysis may be found that the scope of the treatment of holes is largely treated, and pores of different sizes and different precision can be treated. Almost the only treatment of treatment. The precision of treatment of holes is it 9 ～ IT7. The holes can be carried out on machine tools such as the turn, the turn, the dying machines and have the advantages of the mobile and the hose, and are widely used in the production. In a large number of production, in order to improve the efficiency of pores, we often use the mold.
4
Foltic hole
(1) Principles of Émaillard and Gulf
Gulf is a hole ignition method with a polished head with grinding (oil stones). During improvement, the part is fixed. During polished treatment, the grinding strip acts on the surface of the room with a certain pressure, and an extremely thin layer of materials is removed from the surface of the room. In order to make the movement of movement of the strips of sand not repeated, the quantity of rotation of the polished head and the rotation of the head must be matched each minute and the bitter head of the head of the foot every minute.
The image of the improvement trajectory is linked to the alternative speed of the improvement head and the image of the circular speed. Rugosity is rough. In order to facilitate the discharge of the particles and crushed abrasive shavings, to reduce the cutting temperature and improve the quality of the treatment, a sufficient cutting fluid should be used during improvement.
In order to ensure that the wall wall of the transformed holes is uniformly treated, the route of the sand band must be exceeded at the two ends of the hole. In order to ensure that the quantity of arithmetic is uniform and to reduce the impact of the processing precision of the machining error on processing accuracy, most floating connections between the head of perfection and the Main axis of the machine tool.
The radial telescopic adjustment of the polished head grinding strips has a variety of structural shapes such as manual, pneumatic and hydraulic pressure.
(2) Follow the characteristics of crafts and the scope of the application
1) Gulf can obtain a higher size and shape precision.
2) Gulf can obtain a higher surface quality, RA surface roughness is 0.2 to 0.25 μm and the degeneration default layer of the surface metal is extremely slightly slightly lightly lightly slightly 2.5 to 25 μm.
3) Compared to the grinding speed, although the grinding head is not high (VC = 16 ~ 60 m / min), due to the large contact area of sand bands and parts, the alternative speed is Relatively high (VA = 8 ~ 20m / 20m / 20m / min), shaving therefore always has higher productivity.
Golf is widely used in large quantity of production in the engine cylinder holes and various hydraulic devices. However, improvement is not suitable for holes in unrelated metal parts, it cannot be treated with keys and flower pores with bond grooves.
5
Pull the holes
(1) Pull and pull the knife
Kong is a high productivity method with high productivity. Traction beds and bedding beds and vertical traction beds are the most common with horizontal traction beds.
During the shooting, the knife shooting is only the low -speed straight line movement (main movement). The number of teeth that operates at the same time should not be less than 3, otherwise the work of pulling the knife is unstable and it is easy to generate rings of rings on the surface of the room. In order to avoid an excessive traction force and break the knife, when the knife is worked, the number of dental teeth at the same time should not generally exceed 6 to 8.
There are three different ways to draw the holes, which are described as follows:
1) The characteristic of the layer drawing of this traction method is that the knife is removed in order to remove the amount of room treatment waste. In order to facilitate broken debris, there are grooves of mutually dandruff on the teeth of the knife. The traction knife designed as a function of the layer traction method is called ordinary knife.
2) The characteristic of a locking method is that each layer of metal on the surface of the treatment is made up of a set of blade tooth of the same size but the intertwining of the knife teeth (generally each group consists of 2-3 knife teeth). Withdraw. Each blade is only part of a layer of metal. The traction knife designed as a function of the segmentation traction method is called a Rotar cutting knife.
3) This complete slide method has concentrated the advantages of layer and blocking traction. This can shorten the length of the knife shooting, to increase productivity, but also to obtain better surface quality. The knife designed according to the complete traction method is called a complete traction knife.
(2) The characteristics of the craft and the scope of application of the traction holes
1) The knife is a multi-black knife.
2) The precision of the draw holes depends mainly on the precision of the knife.
3) When you pull the holes, the part is located by the treatment hole itself (the guide department before pulling the knife is the positioning element of the part). is treated by position as a positioning reference.
4) Pulling the knife can not only treat round holes, but can also treat training holes and flower pores.
5) The knife is a fixed size tool, with complex shapes and expensive prices, which is not suitable for the treatment of large holes.
The post holes are commonly used in large and medium parts of small and medium parts with ф10 at 80 mm in large quantity of production.
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