The five-axis machining center is a modern CNC equipment machining center which is not only suitable for processing complex parts of plates, plates, molds and small shells, but also can carry out milling, drilling, reaming, thread etching and thread cutting.
During the machining process, cutting vibration is an inevitable situation during the machining process of five-axis CNC machine tools. This is a vibration phenomenon generated during the cutting process. In fact, reasonable cutting vibrations have little impact on the processing quality, but once the cutting vibrations increase, severe vibrations with amplitudes greater than tens of µm are generally accompanied by loud noises.
If the vibration of the five-axis machining center during the cutting process can exceed 100 μm, then the tool or workpiece may become loose. 100 μM is generally considered the standard for judging whether cutting vibration is reasonable. If the cutting amplitude exceeds 100 μm, processing cannot be continued. When the amplitude is less than 100 µm, although it can be processed, obvious vibration scratches will remain on the processed surface and surface finishing is not allowed. Therefore, cutting vibrations should be limited within a reasonable range.
Here are the methods to solve the cutting vibration of a five-axis machining center:
1. Organize the tool path reasonably
Reasonable tool path layout of five-axis CNC machining center is very important for cutting processing. Milling can be divided into down milling and reverse milling. Whether it is down milling or reverse milling, as long as the direction of the milling force is consistent with the clamping direction of the workpiece, it will help eliminate the vibration of the bent plate component. Current milling equipment, such as CNC milling machines and five-axis machining centers, are equipped with ball or roller screws, which are very useful in eliminating vibrations during the cutting process.
2. Reasonable fit
When CNC machine tools in five-axis machining centers use thin shank end mills to mill deep cavities, the plunge milling method is often used. Plunge milling occurs when the tool advances axially like a drill. When milling deep cavities, the diameter of the long shank is generally greater than 3 times. It is recommended to use the plunge milling method with axial feed. Adjusting cutting parameters is only effective when cutting vibrations are not significant. General adjustment methods are: reducing the rotational speed of the tool or workpiece, reducing the depth of cut, and increasing the number of teeth bent per revolution of the tool or cutter. If vibration occurs during internal thread turning, the number of steps required to complete thread turning can be reduced by 112 cuts. Also use a blade with a positive rake angle and high clearance angle, with a fast chip chute. This insert has the smallest cutting corner angle and lightest cutting speed when filing or milling.
At the same time, the use of sharp blades can reduce the cutting force of CNC machine tools. Rapid grinding of the tool and stability of the processing environment and ground are processing conditions that cannot be ignored.
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