Bearings are important components in mechanical equipment. Its main function is to support the rotating mechanical body to reduce the friction coefficient of mechanical load during the equipment transmission process.
Bearings are divided into radial and thrust bearings according to different load directions or nominal contact angles.
According to the type of rolling elements, they are divided into: ball bearings and roller bearings.
Depending on whether they can be aligned, they are divided into: self-aligning bearings and non-aligning bearings (rigid bearings).
According to the number of rows of rolling elements, they are divided into: single row bearings, double row bearings and multi-row bearings.
Depending on whether the components can be separated, they are divided into: separable bearings and non-separable bearings.
There are also classifications based on the shape and size of the structure.
This article mainly shares the characteristics, differences and corresponding uses of 14 common bearings.
1. Angular contact ball bearings
There is a contact angle between the ferrule and the ball. Standard contact angles are 15°, 30° and 40°. The larger the contact angle, the greater the axial load capacity. -Single row bearings can bear radial load and unidirectional axial load. Structurally, two single row angular contact ball bearings combined at the rear share the inner ring and outer ring and can bear radial load and two-way axial load.
Angular contact ball bearings
Main uses:
Single row: machine tool spindle, high frequency motor, gas turbine, centrifugal separator, small car front wheel, differential gear shaft.
Double row: oil pumps, Roots blowers, air compressors, various transmissions, fuel injection pumps, printing machines.
2. Alignment of ball bearings
Double row of steel balls, the outer ring raceway is inner spherical type, so it can automatically adjust the shaft center misalignment caused by the deviation or non-concentricity of the shaft or housing. The tapered bore bearing can be easily installed on the shaft. with the help of fasteners, mainly supports radial load.
Aligning ball bearings
Main uses: woodworking machines, textile machine transmission shafts, vertical seat self-aligning bearings.
3. Spherical roller bearings
This type of bearing is equipped with spherical rollers between the spherical raceway outer ring and the double raceway inner ring. According to the different internal structures, it is divided into four types: R, RH, RHA and SR from the center of the arc. The outer ring raceway is The center of the bearing is consistent and has self-aligning performance, so it can automatically adjust the misalignment of the shaft center caused by deviation or non-concentricity of the shaft or housing, and can withstand radial loads and two-way axial loads.
Spherical roller bearings
Main uses: paper machines, reducers, railway vehicle axles, rolling mill gearbox seats, rolling mill rollers, crushers, vibrating screens, printing machines, woodworking machines, various industrial gearboxes, vertically seated ball joints.
4. Spherical roller thrust bearings
The spherical rollers of this type of bearing are arranged obliquely. Since the raceway surface of the seat ring is spherical and has self-aligning properties, it can allow the shaft to tilt to a certain extent. withstand multiple axial loads at the same time, oil lubrication is generally used during use.
Spherical thrust bearing on rollers
Main uses: hydraulic generators, vertical motors, propeller shafts for ships, reduction gears for rolling screws in rolling mills, tower cranes, coal crushers, extruders and forming machines.
5. Tapered roller bearings
This type of bearing is equipped with rollers in the shape of a truncated cone. The rollers are guided by the large ribs of the inner ring. They are designed so that the tops of the tapered surfaces of the inner ring raceway surface, outer ring raceway surface and roller. The rolling surface intersects at the bearing centerline. Single-row bearings can withstand radial loads and one-way axial loads, while double-row bearings can withstand radial loads and two-way axial loads, and are suitable for bearing heavy loads and impact loads.
Tapered roller bearings
Main uses: Automobiles: front wheels, rear wheels, transmissions, differential gear shafts. Spindles for machine tools, construction machinery, large agricultural machines, reducers for railway vehicles, rolling mill necks and reduction devices.
6. Rigid ball bearings
Structurally, each ring of a deep groove ball bearing has a continuous groove raceway with a cross section of approximately one third of the equatorial circumference of the ball. Deep groove ball bearings are mainly used to support radial loads and can also support some axial loads.
When the radial clearance of the bearing increases, it has the properties of an angular contact ball bearing and can withstand alternating axial loads in two directions. Compared with other types of bearings of the same size, this type of bearing has low friction coefficient, high limit speed and high precision. This is the bearing type preferred by users when selecting.
Deep groove ball bearing
Main uses: automobiles, tractors, machine tools, engines, water pumps, agricultural machinery, textile machinery, etc.
7. Ball thrust bearings
It consists of a washer-shaped raceway ring with a raceway and a ball and cage assembly. The raceway ring that matches the shaft is called a shaft ring, and the raceway ring that matches the shell is called a seat ring. The two-way bearing corresponds to the secret shaft of the intermediate ring. The one-way bearing can support one-way axial load, and the two-way bearing can support two-way axial load (neither can support radial load).
Ball thrust bearing
Main uses: automotive steering axles, machine tool spindles.
8. Thrust roller bearings
Thrust roller bearings are used for shafts that primarily carry combined axial load and meridional load, but the meridional load should not exceed 55% of the axial load. Compared with other thrust roller bearings, this type of bearing has a lower friction coefficient, higher rotation speed and has the ability to adjust. The rollers of the 29000 bearing are asymmetrical spherical rollers, which helps reduce the relative slip between the stick and the raceway during operation. The rollers are long and have a large diameter. They have a large number of rollers and a large load capacity. are usually oil lubricated. Grease lubrication can be used at low speeds.
Thrust roller bearing
Main uses: hydraulic generators, crane hooks.
9. Cylindrical roller bearings
The rollers of cylindrical roller bearings are usually guided by two ribs of a bearing race. The cage roller and the guide ring form a unit which can be separated from another bearing ring and are separable bearings.
This type of bearing is more convenient to install and disassemble, especially when an interference fit between the inner and outer rings, shaft and shell is required. This type of bearing is generally used only to support radial loads. Only single row bearings with ribs on the inner and outer rings can support small stable axial loads or large intermittent axial loads.
Cylindrical roller bearings
Main uses: large engines, machine tool spindles, axle boxes, diesel engine crankshafts, automobiles, gearboxes with bearings, etc.
10. Four-point contact ball bearings
It can bear radial load and two-way axial load. A single bearing can replace the angular contact ball bearing of a front combination or a rear combination. It is suitable for supporting pure axial load or synthetic load with large axial load component. any direction. One of the contact angles can be formed when there is an axial load, so that the ferrule and ball are always in contact with three points on both sides of any contact line.
Four-point contact ball bearings
Main uses: aircraft reactors, gas turbines.
11. Cylindrical roller thrust bearings
It consists of a washer-shaped raceway ring (shaft ring, seat ring) and cylindrical roller and cage components. The cylindrical roller adopts convex surface treatment, so that the pressure between the roller and the raceway surface is evenly distributed and can withstand unidirectional axial load. It has large axial load capacity and strong axial rigidity.
Cylindrical roller thrust bearings
Main uses: oil drilling platforms, iron and steel making machines.
12. Thrust needle roller bearings
Separable bearings are composed of raceway rings, needle rollers and cage assemblies, and can be arbitrarily combined with stamped thin raceway rings or die-cut thick raceway rings. Non-separable bearings are integrated bearings consisting of precision stamped raceway rings, needle rollers and cage assemblies. They can withstand unidirectional axial loads. This type of bearing takes up little space and is conducive to the compact design of machines. A set of needle rollers and cage is used, and the mounting surface of the shaft and housing is used as the surface of the raceway.
Thrust needle bearing
Main uses: transmission devices for automobiles, cultivators, machine tools, etc.
13. Tapered roller thrust bearings
This type of bearing is equipped with frustoconical rollers (the connecting rod head is spherical). The rollers are precisely guided by the ribs of the raceway ring (shaft ring, seat ring). The design ensures that the rolling surfaces of the shaft are maintained). ring and seat ring and rolling surface of rollers. The apex of each conical surface intersects at a point on the bearing axis. One-way bearings can support one-way axial load, and two-way bearings can support two-way axial load. load.
Tapered roller thrust bearings
Main uses:
One way: crane hook, oil drilling rig swivel.
In both directions: rolling mill turtleneck.
14. Insert spherical ball bearing with seat
The seat self-aligning ball bearing is composed of a spherical ball bearing with seals on both sides and a bearing seat made of cast iron (or pressed sheet steel). The internal structure of the outer spherical ball bearing is the same as that of the deep groove ball bearing, but the inner ring of this bearing is wider than the outer ring. The outer ring has a spherical outer surface, which can be automatically aligned with. the concave spherical surface of the bearing seat.
Main uses: mining, metallurgy, agriculture, chemical industry, textile, printing and dyeing, transportation machinery, etc.
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