A good mechanical process engineer must be a good process equipment application engineer. It has a very accurate and comprehensive understanding of the types of processing equipment, processing scope, structural characteristics, processing precision, etc. time, it can also be practical. In combination with the specific equipment conditions of your company, make reasonable equipment layout and arrangements for various processing parts and processing procedures. Understand your own treatment advantages and disadvantages and be able to make good use of your strengths and abilities. avoid weaknesses in the company’s overall machining work planning.
We will now carry out a general analysis and understanding of several types of processing equipment commonly used in the mechanical processing industry, so that we can have a relatively clear and clear definition of processing equipment in this industry. from a perceptual point of view, and at the same time, we can also theoretically define the processing equipment in this industry. Various processing equipment is analyzed to a certain extent so that it can be better combined with practice in future work, thereby further guiding our work and facilitating our work.
Our introduction will focus on the most common processing equipment such as turning, milling, planing, grinding, boring, drilling and wire cutting in the mechanical processing industry. We will also discuss the types, application scope, structural characteristics and processing accuracy. of this processing equipment. For a more detailed explanation, let’s get to the heart of the matter.
1. Tower
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Types of tours
There are many types of tours. According to statistics from a craftsman’s manual, there are 77 types. The most typical categories are: instrument lathes, single-axis automatic lathes, multi-axis automatic or semi-automatic lathes, return wheel or turret lathes. lathes, crankshaft and camshaft lathes, vertical lathes, floor lathes and horizontal lathes, profiling lathes and multi-tool lathes, axle roller spindles and shovel tooth lathes, etc. These are divided into many small classifications, and the number varies. In our machinery industry, vertical lathes and horizontal lathes are more commonly used. two types of lathes can be seen almost anywhere mechanical processing is performed.
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Range of lathe processing applications
We mainly select several typical tour types to present the scope of treatment.
A. Horizontal lathe, suitable for turning internal and external cylindrical surfaces, conical surfaces, forming rotating surfaces and annular grooves, turning sections and various threads, and can be used for drilling, reaming, tapping, threading and knurling other processes. Although ordinary horizontal lathes have a low degree of automation and require more auxiliary time during processing, this type of machine tool has been widely used and popularized in the mechanical processing industry due to its wide processing range and its good general performance. the most representative processing equipment in our machinery industry, and is also one of the indispensable processing equipment in the machinery processing industry.
B. Vertical lathe is suitable for processing various frame and shell parts. It is also suitable for processing inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, tapered surfaces, end faces, grooves, cutting and drilling, expanding and reaming of various parts and other processing. With the help of additional devices, processing processes such as threading, end dressing, profiling, milling and grinding can also be carried out.
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3. Lathe machining accuracy
A. The machining accuracy of usual horizontal lathes is as follows:
Roundness: 0.015mm; cylindricity: 0.02/150 mm; flatness: 0.02/¢150 mm; surface roughness: 1.6 Ra/μm.
B. The machining accuracy of vertical lathes is as follows:
Roundness: 0.02mm; cylindricity: 0.01 mm; flatness 0.03 mm.
The above machining accuracy is only a relative reference value, which does not mean that all lathes meet it. Many lathe equipment exhibits some fluctuation depending on specific manufacturer requirements and specific assembly conditions. the floating amount is large, its processing precision value must meet the requirements of the national standard for this type of equipment. If the processing precision requirements of the equipment do not meet the requirements of the national standard when purchasing the equipment, the buyer has the right to refuse. acceptance and payment.
2. Milling machine
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Types of milling machines
The types of milling machines are also complex and diverse. According to the statistics of a machining craftsman’s manual, there are more than 70 typical types, including: instrument milling machines, cantilever and ram milling machines, gantry milling machines, milling machines flat, copious. milling machines and vertical lifting machines. Table milling machine, horizontal lifting table milling machine, bed milling machine, tool milling machine, etc. It is divided into several small categories, and their number varies. In our machinery industry, vertical machining centers and gantry machining centers are more commonly used. These two types of milling machines can be seen in almost any place where mechanical processing is carried out. also give a general introduction and analysis of these two typical milling machines.
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Milling Machine Processing Application Range
Because there are many types and structures of milling machines and the application range is also very different, we will introduce the processing range of two typical milling machines, vertical machining center and gantry machining center, which are currently the most commonly used. used.
A. Vertical machining center (as shown in the picture above). The vertical machining center is actually a vertical CNC milling machine with a tool magazine. Its main feature is that it uses multi-edge rotary tools for cutting. groove and split tooth parts. Processing of spiral surfaces and various curved surfaces, Especially with the application of CNC technology, the processing range of this type of machine tool has also been greatly improved. In addition to various milling operations, it can also carry out composite processing such as drilling, reaming and tapping the workpiece. has very high practicality and popular significance.
B. Gantry machining center. Compared with vertical machining center, gantry machining center is a composite application of CNC gantry milling machine and tool magazine. In terms of processing range, the gantry machining center has almost all the processing capabilities of ordinary vertical machining centers. The outer dimensions of parts can be adapted to In response to the processing of larger tools, it also has great advantages in processing efficiency and precision, especially the practical application of gantry machining center of five-axis linkage. Its processing range has also been significantly improved, making it possible for my country’s manufacturing. laid the foundation for the development of the industry in a direction of high precision.
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Milling machine processing accuracy
A. Vertical machining center:
Flatness: 0.025/300 mm; roughness: 1.6 Ra/μm.
B. Gantry machining center:
Flatness: 0.025/300 mm; roughness: 2.5 Ra/μm.
The above machining accuracy is only a relative reference value, which does not mean that all milling machines meet the requirements. Many milling machine equipment exhibits some fluctuation depending on specific manufacturer requirements and specific assembly conditions. regardless of the size of the floating post, its processing precision value must meet the requirements of national standards for this type of equipment. If the processing precision requirements of the equipment do not meet the requirements of national standards when purchasing the equipment, the buyer has the right. right to refuse acceptance and payment.
3. Planer
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Types of planers
Compared to lathes and milling machines, there are far fewer types of planers. According to the statistics of the Machining Technician’s Manual, there are about 21 types. The most common types include: cantilever planer, gantry planer, round head planer, edge and mold planer. etc. Among these categories It is divided into many small types of planers. The ones with the highest utilization rate and greatest popularity in the machinery industry should be the bullhead planer and gantry planer. As shown in the picture above, we will focus on these two typical planers. below. Do a basic analysis and introduction.
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Planer Processing Application Range
The planing motion of the planer is primarily a periodic linear back and forth motion relative to the workpiece. Its applicable characteristics for workpiece planing are mainly processing flat, inclined, concave and convex surfaces. planing of various curved surfaces. However, due to its own processing, the limitation of the characteristics is that the processing and planing speed is not very high, and the return stroke planer does not participate in the processing and cutting of workpieces, so the loss of no-load stroke is caused and the processing efficiency is relatively low.
At the same time, with the great technological improvement of CNC and the automation of various other processing equipment, the planing processing method is about to be gradually replaced. Judging from the current trend of many equipment upgrades, this type of processing machine tool has been replaced. no Even if we get a significant upgrade and innovation, it will remain largely unchanged. Maintaining the original structure and layout, especially the vigorous development of vertical machining centers and gantry machining centers, and the continuous innovation of machining tools, have greatly replaced the advantages processing planers in terms of processing range, allowing this type of processing Relatively inefficient equipment is in an embarrassing situation.
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Machining accuracy of the planer
The precision of planing processing can generally reach the IT10-IT7 precision level. Especially for processing long guide rail surfaces of some large machine tools, it can even replace grinding. This is called “precision planing instead of fine grinding”. treatment method.
4. Grinder
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Grinder type
Compared with the previous types of processing equipment, there are even more types of grinders. According to the statistics of a certain mechanical transformation craftsman’s manual, there are about 194 types. They can be divided into: instrument grinders, cylindrical grinders, internal grinders, etc. . Circular grinder, grinding wheel. machines, coordinate grinding machines, guide rail grinding machines, tool sharpening machines, surface and end grinding machines, crankshaft, camshaft spline and roller grinding machines, tool grinding machines, super precision machines, internal lapping machines, external lapping machines, polishing machines, abrasive belts Polishing and grinding machines. Tool sharpening and grinding machines, indexable blade grinding machines, grinding machines, ball bearing ring groove grinding machines, roller bearing ring raceway grinding machines, bearing ring superfinishing machines, bearing ring grinding machines blades, roll processing machines, steel ball processing machine tools, valve piston and piston ring grinding tools, automobile tractor grinding machines, etc. , because the classification and classification of grinding machines should be too broad, and many grinding machines are specific equipment in specific industries, so we provide a basic introduction to the grinding machines commonly used in the machinery industry. In this article we mainly choose. cylindrical grinder and plane grinder for a brief explanation.
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Grinding Machine Processing Application Range
A. Cylindrical grinders and cylindrical grinders are mainly used for processing the outer surface and shoulder end surface of cylindrical surfaces, tapered surfaces or other rotating bodies. Due to their good adaptability and processing precision, they are widely used in mechanical processing. of some high precision parts, especially the final finishing process of these parts, is commonly used. It can not only guarantee the geometric dimensions of the processed parts to the greatest extent, but also meet better surface finishing requirements, so it is a mechanical process. treatment One of the essential equipment in the process.
B. Surface grinder, mainly used for processing the surface of workpieces such as planes, walking surfaces and side surfaces. It is also widely used in the machinery industry, especially in the surface treatment of some high-precision parts. The grinder is almost the last to guarantee processing precision. The only choice, and hence, the use of surface grinders is a required course for most grinding operators. Even in some equipment assembly industries, the use of surface grinders is also a necessity. standard skill for assembly personnel, due to various problems during the assembly process. The grinding work of the adjustment pad is completed by a surface grinder.
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Grinding machine processing accuracy
A. Machining accuracy of cylindrical grinder:
Roundness and cylindricity: 0.003 mm; surface roughness: 0.32 Ra/μm.
B. Surface grinder processing precision:
Parallelism: 0.01/300 mm; surface roughness: 0.8 Ra/μm.
From the above processing precision, we can also clearly see that compared with previous lathes, milling machines, planers and other processing equipment, grinders can achieve higher behavioral tolerance precision and surface roughness, so in Many parts of the finishing process, grinders are widely and commonly used.
5. Boring machine
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Types of boring machines
Compared with previous types of processing equipment, boring machines are also a relatively specialized type of processing equipment. According to the statistics of a certain mechanical processing craftsman’s manual, there are about 23 types. According to their broad categories, they can be divided into two categories. following types: deep hole boring machine, coordinate boring machine, vertical boring machine, horizontal milling and boring machines, fine boring machines, automobile and tractor repair boring machines, etc. Among them, the most common and commonly used boring machine in our machinery industry is the flying coordinate boring machine. Below we will briefly introduce some features. of Coordinate Boring Machine Introduction and Analysis.
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Range of boring machine processing applications
There are many types of boring machines. We will give a brief introduction to the coordinate boring machine. You can learn the knowledge of other types of boring machines by analogy. The coordinate boring machine is a precision machine tool with a precise coordinate positioning device. It is mainly used for boring cuts. Hole systems that require high precision in size, shape and position can be used for drilling, reaming, end facing, grooving, countersinking, etc. They can also be used for coordinate measurement, precision scales and engravings, etc. It has very special characteristics. Extensive and reliable processing characteristics.
However, with the vigorous development of CNC technology, especially the vigorous development of CNC vertical milling machines and CNC horizontal milling machines, boring machines, once the dominant force in hole processing equipment, are also likely to be gradually replaced. also have irreplaceable goals. On the one hand, whatever the type of equipment in question, it is progress for the mechanical processing industry, technological progress, technological progress and progress for the our country’s manufacturing industry. .
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Boring machine processing accuracy
The hole diameter accuracy processed by the coordinate boring machine is generally IT6-7 level, and the surface roughness is 0.4-0.8 Ra/μm.
But there is a very bad thing in the processing of boring machines, especially when processing cast iron parts. When a young boy enters and Zhang Fei and Li Kui exit, it seems as if the boring machine has been completely changed. after opening it. Therefore, based on the practical reasons for such a processing link, the possibility of replacing this equipment in the future also increases, because who doesn’t care about their appearance? As soon as possible, many people don’t have it, but you still have to pretend to have it.
6. Drill
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Types of drill presses
It is the most widely used processing equipment in the machinery industry. Every mechanical processing plant will have one. If you don’t even have this processing equipment, you will be embarrassed to say that you are doing dry processing. mechanical processing craftsman’s manual There are about 38 types of statistics, which can be divided into the following categories according to the broad categories: coordinated drilling and drilling machines, deep hole drilling machines, radial drilling machines, table drilling machines , vertical drilling machines, horizontal drilling machines, milling and drilling machines, center hole drilling machines, etc. The most commonly used in the machinery industry is the radial drilling machine, which is only standard equipment in our mechanical processing industry. Without this equipment you practically cannot work in this industry, and for this reason we will then focus on the introduction of this type of drill.
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Drilling Machine Processing Application Range
We are mainly talking about radial drills. For this type of machine tool, I only have one sentence here, which is to drill different types of holes, it can also do processing processes such as enlarging, reaming, drilling, and tapping, but this has a big problem, that is, the position accuracy of the hole system is not high, so for some parts which require high position accuracy of the hole system, we usually don’t choose drill to achieve it.
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Drill processing accuracy
Because there is basically no processing precision, it is just drilling a hole.
7. Thread cutting
For processing equipment such as wire cutting, I haven’t had much contact with them, so I haven’t accumulated much in this area, nor have I done much homework. Therefore, the extent of use in the machinery industry is somewhat limited. , but it also has its own uniqueness. Its existence value, especially for cutting and processing some special-shaped parts, nevertheless has certain relative advantages, considering its low processing efficiency and the vigorous development of laser machines. equipment such as wire cutting is being phased out of the industry.
Daguang focuses on providing solutions such as precision CNC machining services (3-axis, 4-axis, 5-axis machining), CNC milling, 3D printing and rapid prototyping services.
