The repair of spindle parts of the oil with oil oil with sliding oils sliding the spindle parts of the tool-tool is an important part of the machine tool. But if there is a defect during work, how should I fix it?
Methods to repair sliding bearings
1. Repair, assembly and adjustment of sliding bearings
In traditional machines, due to the small speed range of the spindle and the low maximum speed, sliding bearings are used as spindle bearings. In various shredders, although the speed of the grinding wheel spike is relatively high, because there are no frequent speed changes, many sliding bearings are used as a spindle bearing of the crushing wheel frame . Consequently, the application of sliding bearings in machine tools can be briefly summarized in two extreme states: one is used as a low speed and low load spindle; Rolling; The other is used as a tin of high -speed spit; Depending on the friction properties of the tree when it works in the sliding bearing and the pressure of the oil film of the lubricant oil, it is generally divided into two types: dynamic pressure type (dynamic pressure bearing) And type of static pressure (static static pressure rolling) according to its friction properties when the shaft operates in the sliding bearing and the conditions of lubricant oil to form the pressure of the oil film. The first uses the pin to turn and provide lubrication oil in the bearing space to establish the pressure of the oil film to balance the external load; In recent years, with the advancement of technology, a bearing with complete dynamic pressure and static pressing bearing has been developed, called dynamic and static pressing bearings. When the pin turns, the lubrication oil is brought into the area of corner oil formed between the main uranium and the bearing. Dynamic pressure bearings can be divided into sliding bearings (dynamic pressure) with oil (dynamic pressure) and sliding bearings (dynamic pressure) sliding (dynamic pressure) depending on the type of oil corner.
The two types of sliding bearings must have eccentricity (or a deviation) between the main tree and the bearing before there is a dynamic pressure effect to form a corner of oil, and the position of the oil corner Change with the load management. Due to the unhappiness of the oil film, the spindle precision of the spindle is low. When the pin turns at high speed, the rolling shell can swing freely on the spherical support screw, so that the lubricant forms a corner of oil between the spindle and the rolling shell, generating a film pressure Oil to support the spindle load. The integrated deformed bearing is connected to each other by five steel sheets with a thickness of 0.5 to 0.7 mm to form a whole. The five long ribs at the rear of the bearing are in the shape of an arc, and the radius of curvature of the arc is smaller than the radius of the inner hole of the box (or the ring), so that the bearing And the inner hole in the box (or the ring) are in contact with five lines. In addition, each long coast is not in the average (symmetrical) position of each rolling shell, but is deflected by an angle in the direction of rotation of the main tree to form a corner of oil. Since the rear bar (that is to say the arc-shaped back) of the bearing is a cone of 1:20, when the bearing moves axially in the inner hole of the box (or The ring), the bearing can be elastic deformed for adjusting the space between the spindle and the rolling is pre-tail in its inner hole; An oblique corner is formed between the spindle and the bearing, and the pressure of the oil film is generated when the spindle turns.
2. Sliding wheel with single oil
When the single oil zipper roll rests on the spindle to turn, the lubrication oil is introduced into the gap between the spindle and the bearing, creating a dynamic pressure effect to form a corner of oil.
(I) Inner column and external conical sliding bearing
La Roue de Roue De Grusur De Grusur De Grusur De Grusur De Grusur De Grusur De Grusur De Grusur De Grusur De Grusur De Grusur De Grusur De Grusur De crusher De crusher De crusher de crusher de crusher de crusher Horizontal fog crusher M7120 used the inner column and the external conical sliding bearing. Many axial grooves are open to the external return surface of the tree, which are used to shrink uniformly when adjusting the space. The number of grooves and distribution is closely linked to the uniform deformation and the roundness of the inner bearing hole. In addition, there is a groove at the tail of the sparkle open in the axial direction of the bearing, and there are clamping screws in the groove. Ring to compensate for the unequal removal of the bearings. In addition, due to poor lubrication, the spindle newspaper and the inner bore will cause severe wear, and even maintain the tree and bite it. To repair this type of spindle with a relatively complex structure, you usually have to do at least the following steps:
(1) Repair the roundness, the conicity and roughness of the main newspaper of the tree after the wear and coaxiality of the front and rear newspapers. It is generally believed that the pins that are polished with superfluous grinding are of better quality than those which are repaired by grinding methods;
(2) Use an accurate cone inspection stick (set) to inspect and repair interior cone holes in the box to meet the needs in plastic surgery tolerance;
(3) On the base of the inner conical hole of the box (or the ring) as a reference, grind the external conical part of the bearing so that the contact speed between the external conical part of the bearing and the inner conical hole of the box are no less than 80%. During precision grinding, the bearing is sleeve on a cardiac rod with an outside diameter equal to the diameter of the spindle after grinding, and the inner hole of the bearing must be adjusted to slide with the diameter of the spindle in the free state ;
(4) Once the grinding wheel fuse and the bearing bearing, the outdoor cone is repaired, scratching and grinding the inner hole in the bearing can be carried out. During scratching and grinding, a grinding rod is used instead of the spindle. After scratching and grinding the inner hole in the bearing meets the requirements of the contact point, adjust the size of the inner hole of the bearing to be slightly tight and cooperate with sliding with the grinding rod. Clean directly in the box. The bearing is then crushed with chrome oxide as an abrasive to eliminate skyscrapers and burrs. It is precisely because this type of rolling structure is aging and is not easy to deform or deform unequally during the adjustment that people try to work on the routing of the rolling, or deepen and widen the deformation groove size; or integrate equal sizes in each deformation groove.
(Ii) inner cone
The Brooch of Moulin Moulin Moulin Moulin Moulin Moulin Moulin Moulin Moulin Moulins 1:30. The axial load of the pin is transported by the spherical washer 4 and the spring. The oil is stored through the eccentricity of eccentricity. An oil film is generated when the pin turns and the thickness of the oil film is greater than 0.005 mm (radial). . The problem with this structure is that the bearing is a single corner of oil and that the center of the axis drifts a lot. The oil tank is unreasonable, the lubricant circulates badly in the bearing, the oil film is low and the temperature of the bearing increases. In response to these problems, in the improved structure, an oil corner is open to the inner hole in the bearing to improve forced lubrication and the heat dissipation conditions of the spindle.
Maintenance of the main mechanical transmission parts of the tool-tool
Maintenance and maintenance of spindle parts
The component of the spindle is an important component in the mechanical part of the CNC machine tools, mainly composed of the spindle, the bearing, the spindle stop device, the automatic tightening and elimination device. The lubrication, cooling and sealing of the components of the CNC machine tools are several problems worthy of attention during the use and maintenance of machine tools.
First of all, a good lubrication effect can reduce the working temperature of the rolling and prolong the lifespan; The mist and the lubrication of oil and gas are used. However, when using fat lubrication, the amount of sealing of the spindle bearing is generally 10% of the volume of rolling space. For the lubrication of the oil circulation, during operation and use, check the oil tank constant temperature lubrication of the pin to see if the volume of oil is sufficient. Be careful to check if the lubrication oil temperature range is appropriate.
In order to ensure that the spindle has good lubrication, to reduce friction and heat, and at the same time, it can remove heat from the whole spindle, a circulating lubrication system is generally used and a pump Hydraulics is used to provide high oil lubrication and an oil temperature controller is used to control the oil temperature of the oil tank. The spindle bearings of high-end CNC machine tools are lubricated by high quality fat storage, and each time the fat is added, it can be used for 7 to 10 years. The new lubrication and cooling method must not only reduce the rise in the temperature of the rolling, but also reduce the temperature difference between the interior and external rings of the bearing to ensure that the spindle is less thermal.
There are two methods of lubrication of common zone. The rolling gap regularly and regularly, which is reached. The injection lubrication method consists in injecting a relatively large oil flow at constant temperature (3 ~ 4L / min per bearing) in the spindle bearing to achieve the purpose of lubrication and cooling. The oil injected with a larger flow here should be forced to unload the oil by the oil emptying pump instead of a natural yield. At the same time, an oil tank with constant high precision temperature of large dedicated capacity should be used and the change in oil temperature is controlled at ± 0.5 ℃.
Second, cooling the components of the spindle is mainly to reduce the heat generation of the bearing and effectively control the heat source.
Thirdly, the sealing of the component of the spindle not only prevents dust, shavings and the cut of the liquid from entering the component of the spindle, but also prevents the leak of the lubrication oil. The joints of the components of the spindle are contact and contactless joints. For contact joints that use linoleum rings and oil -resistant rubber seals, pay attention to the verification of their aging and their damage; Possible, and make sure that the return to oil hole is unlocked. To summarize, in the use and maintenance of CNC machine tools, we must attach great importance to the lubrication, cooling and sealing of the components of the spindle, and do a good job in this area with care.
Maintenance and maintenance of the food transmission mechanism
The electromechanical components of the food transmission mechanism is mainly: the components of the servomotor and detection, the speed reduction mechanism, the pair of screw nuts, the screw bearing and the mobile parts (work table, Bike box, column, etc.). Here, we mainly explain the maintenance and maintenance problems of the pair of ball screw nuts.
(1) Adjustment of the axial clearance of the sub-directorate of the ball screw nut
In addition to the requirements for the accuracy of the movement of the single direction feeding, the pair of ball nut also has strict requirements for axial release in order to ensure the accuracy of the reverse transmission. Therefore, during operation, it is necessary to pay attention to the axial clearance caused by the wear of the pair of screw nuts to be eliminated by adjustment methods.
Method of elimination of the double -nut deviation: cylindrical external gears are made on the flanges of the two nuts, which are messed with the tight interior speed rings at the two ends of the sleeve. The difference is a tooth. During the adjustment, first remove the inner ring, so the two nuts run a tooth in the same direction compared to the sleeve, then insert the inner annular pinion, and the two nuts will produce a relative angular displacement, and the displacement axial is:
Where Z1 and Z2 are the number of teeth of the gears and the pH is the lead in the ball screw.
(2) Daily inspection of sealing and lubrication of the pair of ball nuts
Daily inspection of waterproofing and lubrication of pairs of ball screw nuts is a problem to which we must pay attention during operation and use. For the sealing of the screw nuts, you must pay attention to the verification of the sealing ring and the protective sleeve to prevent dust and impurities from entering the pair of screw nuts. For lubrication of screw nuts, if the fat is used, lubricate regularly;
Maintenance and maintenance of machine tools guide rails
Maintenance and maintenance of machine tools’ guidance rails mainly involves lubrication of guide rails and protection of guide rails.
(1) Lubrication of guide rails
The purpose of railway lubrication is to reduce friction resistance and friction wear to avoid crawling at low speed and reducing the temperature increase to high temperatures. Therefore, lubrication of the guide rail is very important. For sliding guides, lubrication oil is used; The lubrication oil marks commonly used for CNC machine tools are: L-AN10, 15, 32, 42, 68. Oil lubrication of the guidance rail generally uses automatic lubrication. In addition, it must be done every day
Check the oil volume of the rail lubrication oil tank. Be careful to check if the lubrication oil can be provided during regular start.
(2) Protection of guide rails
During operation and use, be sure to prevent shavings, abrasive particles or cutting the liquid of the diffusion on the surface of the guide rail, otherwise it will cause wear, abrasion and rust of the guidance rail . To this end, pay attention to the daily inspection of the rail protection system to ensure the protection of the rail.
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