With the continuous development of the processing industry, some highly complex curved surface parts and multi-process parts have become commonplace, and their requirements for refined processing have become higher and higher. The final requirements for processing accuracy and surface quality are often 0.01mm or more. This type of workpiece is difficult to process correctly with traditional processing machine tools.
Efficient and refined processing of highly complex curved surfaces and multi-process parts is the main processing characteristic of vertical machining centers. This type of processing equipment is not only equipped with a tool magazine and an automatic tool changer, so that the machine tool can automatically replace the workpiece processing tools, but it also has the characteristics of high-speed processing. The spindle rotation speed is generally 8,000 rpm, and some models even reach tens of thousands of rpm. The fast moving speed of the power system reaches more than 24 meters per minute. These excellent characteristics of machine tools provide the basis for high-speed cutting of parts. However, high-speed cutting is different from ordinary cutting, and many factors affect the final processing accuracy and surface quality of the workpiece. To summarize, there are several important aspects such as machine tool factors, tool factors, process system factors, processing technology factors and workpiece factors. Let’s focus on a few more typical factors.
1. Factors related to machine tools
What we call high-speed part cutting refers to high-efficiency processing while ensuring the precision of part processing. Of course, the high-speed cutting performance of the machine tool is a necessary condition to achieve high-speed cutting of the workpiece. As we said before, vertical machining centers have the characteristics of such high-speed processing.
Generally speaking, the machine tools necessary to implement this type of treatment require the following elements:
1. Higher speed spindle and feed system
The essential components of a vertical machining center are the spindle and the feed system. The rotational accuracy and speed of the spindle system are the key to ensuring high-speed cutting of the workpiece. This requires the configured spindle system to be compact and lightweight. , solid in rigidity and inertial. Several key indicators include extremely small size and good corresponding characteristics.
The power system also has the same requirements as the spindle. While ensuring high-speed feeding, it is also necessary to ensure that the positioning accuracy and repetitive positioning accuracy of the machine tool meet the parameter requirements set by the machine tool.
2. More flexible lubrication and cooling methods
The high-speed operation of the machine tool spindle is likely to generate a large amount of high temperature. In order to prevent high temperature from deforming the spindle system, lubrication and cooling are very important. Generally speaking, we usually use a vertical machining center. spindles that operate at high speeds for a long time Install an oil cooler for cooling. In terms of lubrication, closed oil-immersed lubrication is generally used. These two methods can ensure the accuracy of the machine tool spindle when operating at high speed.
2. Tool-related factors
The tool is a component that acts directly on the workpiece and its quality is directly related to the high-speed normal cutting of the vertical machining center. In addition to the reasonable selection of geometric parameters, the tool material is a key factor.
Generally speaking, tool materials suitable for high-speed cutting of workpieces should have the following points:
Firstly, the cutting tools used must have high wear resistance. Only in this way can cutting tools be prevented from forming zigzag-shaped and intermittent chips with varying thicknesses during high-speed cutting, thereby preventing the dynamic balance of cutting tools from ‘be broken. damaged and accelerate the wear of cutting tools.
The second is that it must have high hardness and toughness, if these two are put together at the same time, it can withstand the shock and vibration caused by the high-speed rotation of the tool without chipping and fracture.
3. Processing technological factors
It is known that the vertical machining center completes its processing tasks by executing the part processing program. The quality of CNC machining programming directly affects the final machining accuracy and workpiece efficiency during high-speed cutting. The key to processing programming is the choice of part process. The cutting process mainly includes process routes suitable for high-speed cutting, cutting methods, tool paths, optimized high-speed machining parameters, and sufficient cooling and lubrication methods.
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