01
The purpose and meaning of maintenance and maintenance of CNC machine tools
We know that CNC machine tools are high-tech products that completely apply advanced technologies such as IT technology, automatic control technology, automatic detection technology and the design and manufacture of precision machines. and electrical products. Compared to ordinary machine tools, CNC machine tools have not only the characteristics of high part processing precision, high production efficiency and quality stability and automation of high products, but it can also perform Complex curved areas that are difficult to complete or cannot be treated at all. We can even say that in the mechanical manufacturing industry, the note and the property of CNC machine tools are an important symbol to reflect a business manufacturing capacity.
However, we must soberly realize that in the production of companies, if the CNC machine can achieve the objective of high treatment accuracy, stable product quality and improve production efficiency.
At the same time, we must also note that the concept of maintenance of the CNC machine cannot simply understand that when the mechanical part and other parts of the CNC system or CNC machine tools are defective, simply count on how whose maintenance personnel can eliminate failure and repair in a timely time.
In summary, it is only by adhering to the daily maintenance of the machine tool, the lifespan of the Meta component can be extended, the wear cycle of the mechanical parts is extended, the presence of accidents and clever accidents and try to reach the long term stable work; Also to give a complete game to the advantages of treatment of CNC machines, perform the technical performance of CNC material machines and guarantee that CNC machines can operate normally. Or the maintenance staff of CNC machine tools, maintenance and maintenance of Machine-tools CNC Maintenance is very important and we have to pay great attention.
02
Basic requirements for maintenance and maintenance of CNC machine tools
We must understand the objective and meaning of maintenance and maintenance of CNC machine tools, we must also clarify its basic requirements. Include mainly:
1. Pay attention to maintenance and maintenance of CNC machine tools in ideology
In particular, CNC machine tool operators should be the case.
2. Improve the full quality of the operator
The use of CNC machine tools is more difficult than ordinary machine tools, as CNC machine tools are typical mechanical and electrical products. Gas, etc. In addition, because the CNC system in its electrical control system is updated and updated, it is relatively fast. Therefore, the quality requirements offered by the operator are very high. To this end, it is necessary to train CNC operators so that they can learn principles, performance, lubrication parts and methods of machine tools and set the foundations for better use of machine tools. At the same time, in terms of use and management of CNC machine tools, a series of effective and effective measures is formulated.
3. Create a good use environment for CNC machine tools
Since the CNC machine contains a large quantity of electronic components, they are most afraid of direct exposure of sunlight, and they are also afraid of humidity, dust, vibrations, etc. These can cause the corrode of electronic components or cause short circuits between the two circuits between the short circuits between the short circuits between the short circuits between the short circuits between the short circuits between the short circuits between components, causing operation abnormal of the machine tool. To this end, the environment of use of CNC machine tools must be maintained clean, dry, a constant temperature and no vibration;
4. Strictly follow the correct operating regulations
Whatever the type of CNC machine-tool, it has its own set of operating procedures, which is not only one of the important measures to ensure the personal safety of the operator, but also an important measure to ensure equipment safety and product quality. Therefore, the user must function properly depending on the operating regulations. Starting and stopping command and stop in use.
5. In use, increase the development rate of CNC machines as much as possible
In use, the development rate of CNC machine tools should be increased as much as possible. For newly purchased CNC machines, they must be used as soon as possible. that their weak links are exposed as soon as possible and resolved during the warranty period. If the production task is missing, you cannot be free to use it regularly.
6. CALFLY treats the failure of the machine tool, do not treat it blindly
There will be failures in using the machines to be used. Joint analysis of the problem and exclude failure as soon as possible. If failure is the cause of the operation, the operator must learn from the experience in time to avoid the same error next time.
7. Training and strict implementation of the rules and regulations for the management of CNC machines
In addition to the daily maintenance of CNC machine tools, the rules and regulations that must be formulated and strictly implement the management of CNC machines management. It mainly includes: “three fixed” systems of settlement, housing and determination of responsibilities, regular inspection systems and standardized transfer systems. These are also the main content of the management, maintenance and maintenance of CNC machines.
03
Management of the Punctual Inspection of Maintenance and Maintenance of CNC Machines-tools
Since the technology of CNC machine tools, electricity, liquid, gas and other technologies, it must be scientifically managed to maintain its maintenance and formulate corresponding rules and regulations. The hidden dangers found during the maintenance process must be eliminated in time to avoid repairing the operation, thus extending the average failure time of the equipment and increasing the use of machine tools. Performing -in check is an effective method for maintenance of CNC machine tools.
Maintenance according to the inspection. It is a system for managing the point inspection developed on the basis of the introduction of the United States to prevent and maintenance. The inspection consists in carrying out fixed and timely inspections and equipment maintenance in accordance with the requirements of maintenance documents. The advantage is that the deterioration of defects performance can be destroyed in the state of the bud to prevent repair or arrears. This modern maintenance management system with punctual inspection as a nucleus during the operating phase can achieve the aim of reducing the failure rate and maintenance costs, and improving maintenance efficiency.
In China, my country has introduced Japanese equipment points for verification and repair since the early 1980s, and organized the equipment operator, maintenance staff and technical managers in a organic manner. In accordance with prescribed inspection standards and technical requirements, parts that may have problems with the equipment are inspected, fixed, quantitative, regular and fixed managed to guarantee the continuous and stable functioning of the equipment, promoting the development of production and improvement of operations.
The verification of CNC machines is the basis of state monitoring and diagnosis of defects, including mainly the following content:
(1) Specify the point to determine the number of maintenance points for a CNC machine tool, scientifically analyze this device and find the part where the defect can occur. As long as these maintenance points “look”, they will be discovered in time when they fail.
(2) The standard must formulate standards for each maintenance point, such as gaps, temperature, pressure, flow, relaxation, etc., all have standards of clear quantity, as long as it exceeds Not the prescribed standard, it will not be a failure.
(3) Check it regularly and define the inspection cycle. Some points can be checked several times each, and some can be checked once every month. Determine according to the specific situation.
(4) The elements of each maintenance point must be clearly stipulated. Each point can be checked or several elements can be verified.
(5) which is the inspection of the person, or technician or technician, should be implemented with people according to the inspection site and the technical precision requirements.
(6) How to check the method must also be specified, whether observed manually or measured with instruments, that ordinary instruments or precision instruments are used.
(7) The environment and the inspection stages must be stipulated.
(8) The inspection of the records must be recorded in detail and the filling in accordance with the prescribed format. Fill in inspection data and the difference between specified standards, judgment impressions and processing opinions, and the inspector must sign and indicate the inspection time.
(9) Treatment and adjustment of treatment and inspection must be treated and adjusted in a timely manner, and the results of the treatment can be recorded. If you are not able or you do not have conditions, you must report the staff concerned in time and organize the treatment. But whoever and at any time must fill out the processing file.
(10) Analysis and inspection records and processing records must be regularly analyzed to discover the low “maintenance point”, that is to say the point with a high failure rate or a large loss of losses, advancing opinions and subjecting the designer to improve the design.
CNC machine tools can be divided into daily verification -in and fully Pic-up to collect two levels. The daily inspection is responsible for the inspection of the general components of the tool-machine and the faults that occur and check the machine tools during the operation of the machine tool. The complete inspection is responsible for the realization of key points of the inspection and monitoring of the state of the equipment and the diagnosis of the old network of silver fence parts and important components of machine tools , and form a punctual inspection plan to make a diagnostic recording. Analyze maintenance results, make suggestions to improve equipment maintenance management and perform full -time maintenance staff.
As a work system for CNC machine tools, it is necessary to implement and take it carefully in order to ensure the normal functioning of the machine tool.
According to the requirements and content of the inspection, the point inspection can be divided into three levels: full -time inspection, daily inspection and inspection of production points.
1 and 1 complete inspection
Responsible for key parts and important parts of machine tools to carry out key points for monitoring the inspection and preparation state and a diagnosis of diagnostic for the defects of the machine tools, to make a diagnostic recording, of Analyze and repair the results and present suggestions to improve equipment maintenance management.
2 daily inspection
Responsible for the general parts of the tool-machine, treat the failure of the machine tool during operation.
3 and 3 production inspection
Responsible for carrying out punctual controls on production and operation, and responsible for lubrication and waterproofing.
As a work system, the inspection must be carefully implemented and persistent, in order to ensure the normal functioning of CNC machine tools.
04
Machine maintenance and maintenance content CNC tools
The preventive maintenance key is to strengthen daily maintenance.
1. Daily inspection
Its main elements include the hydraulic system, the pin lubrication system, the guidance rail lubrication system, the cooling system and the air pressure system. Daily control is tested according to the normal situation of each system. For example, when detection of process lubrication system process is carried out, the power light must be on and the oil pressure pump must operate normally. . Interview.
2. Weekly inspection
Its main elements include parts of the machine-tool and the pins lubrication systems.
3. Monthly inspection
Mainly inspect the power supply and the dryer to the dryer. The supply tension is evaluated with 180 V-220V in normal circumstances, and the frequency is 50 Hz. The air must be dismantled once a month, then washed and assembled.
4.
The quarterly inspection must be checked from three aspects: machine-tool bed, hydraulic system and zone lubrication system. For example, when checking the tool-machine bed, it mainly depends on the accuracy of the tooltip and the question of whether the machine level meets the requirements of the manual. When verifying the hydraulic system and the pin lubrication system, if there are problems, the new oil 60L and 20L must be replaced separately and it must be cleaned.
5. Inspection of half years
After half a year, the hydraulic system, the main axis lubrication system and the X axis of the tool machine must be checked.
After being fully familiarized and controlled knowledge of preventive maintenance, the causes of the abnormal phenomenon of the hydraulic system must have a deeper understanding and seizure. If the oil pump does not spray fuel, abnormal pressure, noise, etc., you should know what the main reasons are and what are the corresponding solutions. The reasons and treatment of the abnormal phenomenon of the hydraulic system should be understood from three aspects:
(1) The oil pump does not spray fuel
The main reasons may be that the liquid surface in the fuel tank, the inversion of the oil pump, the low speed, the high viscosity of the oil, the low oil temperature, the filter blocking, the volume volume From the hose absorbent fuel the excess, the air, the axis and the rotor in the input of the oil input are available damage, etc. There are corresponding solutions for the main reasons, such as oil filming, panel confirmation and modification when the oil pump is reversed.
(2) The pressure is abnormal
That is to say, the pressure is too high or too low. The main reasons are also many aspects, such as inappropriate pressure adjustments, poor pressure to regulate the pressure of valve coils, abnormal pressure gauges and an oil pressure system leak. The corresponding solutions include disassembly and cleaning of the pressure as a function of the prescribed pressure, the transition to a normal pressure gauge and check according to each system.
(3) noise
The noise is mainly generated by the oil pump and the valve. When the valve has noise, the reason is that traffic exceeds the nominal standard and the flow must be adjusted in an appropriate manner; When there are bubbles in oil, air in the system must be released.
Overall, in order to do a good work of preventive maintenance of CNC machine tools, the key is to allow students to understand knowledge of daily maintenance and maintenance.
Details of the maintenance inspection:
Daily interview
1. Clean the surface of the tooltip and use a door glass window, cleaning the dandruff and the coolant of the rolling curtain of the work area of the tool machine;
2. Clean the control button panel.
3. Clean the library and the knife tool, in particular handle and knife claws;
4. Check the air pressure and flow to ensure that the compression space is pure and dry. Check if the air filter is working properly and if the storage device pressure is sufficient;
5. Check if each lubricant (the main axis lubricant, screw guide rail lubricant, hydraulic oil, etc.) is sufficient and added in time;
6. Check if the cooling liquid in the coolant is sufficient and add in time to check whether the cooling fluid concentration meets the requirements;
7. Check if the tool-tool is or not, the smell or the smell;
8. Check the operating condition of the machine during the daily and clean and clean service.
Weekly interview
1. Clean the front end of the spindle, clean and lubricate the front clip of the main axis, check the blue sealing ring of the front end of the pin, check the lubrication function of the oil fog main shaft, check if the rotary seal of the main axis is disclosed;
2. Check the screw of the lubrication oil station, the oil rail oil filter, the hydraulic station filter, clean or modify the filter;
3. Check if the cooling device for the electrical control cabinet works properly and if it is disclosed;
4. Check if the mechanical origin of each axis is offset;
5. Check the pipelines of each oil pressure unit, that there is an oil separator leak;
6. Check if the sword changes the action is correct, smooth and if the knife and knife set of the knife and the knife tray is smooth;
7. Check the damage to the knife to detect the switch (BRK, if applicable) and the cable is water.
Monthly maintenance
1. That all emergency shutdown switches work normal;
2. Check if the valve, the cylinder and the sensor function on the dynamic air unit are normal and if there are air leaks;
3. Check if the protection of gas from all leaders and raster encoder is normal;
4. Check the pin once a month to tighten the force and record the operating time and the number of knives;
5. Check the lubrication of the guide rail of the X / Y / Z axis, visually check the wear status of all rails, check if the guide rail cursor works properly;
6. Check if the lubrication of the screw rod of the X / Y / Z axis is normal, visually inspect the state of wear of all the screws, if the screw bearing space is too large;
7. Check if the knife library is dirty and if there is noise during the race, check if the roller in the knife clip is worn and check if the knife clip is damaged;
8. Check if there are foreign bodies and wear on the knife gallery guide rail.
Quarterly interview
1. Check if the panel and the signal warning plate on the machine are clear and complete;
2. Clean the surface of the surface of the rod and the guidance rail and check if there are scratches;
3. Check if the wiring head of the engine and the network sovereign and each axis is loose, damaged and water in the water;
4. Check if the engine of the axis served is abnormal;
5. Clean the oil pipes, bronchi and water pipes in the motion chain is damage;
6. Check if the locking screw of the decelerator of the drive shaft is loose;
7. Test the opposite difference in each axis and the quantity of compensation must be adjusted if necessary;
8. Check if the contactor, circuit breaker and connectors and seals in the electric box are normal.
Annual maintenance
1. Check and adjust the mechanical level;
2. Check the parallelity and verticality of each axis;
3. Check the positioning accuracy of each axis and repeat the positioning;
4. Check the height of the pin;
5. Check if the knife position is correct;
6. Check the system to generate the replacement of the battery.
7. Clean the cutting fluid water tank and replace the cutting fluid;
8. Replace the pike lubrication oil.
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