The rapid development of CNC machine tool technology plays an important role in promoting the rapid development of modern enterprises. As the application range of CNC machine tools becomes wider and wider, coupled with its complex structure, the gaps in maintenance and transformation have seriously limited enterprises. development. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the research on training and transformation of CNC machine tool maintenance technology. This article will conduct a comprehensive analysis of the problems existing in businesses in recent years, and then propose corresponding solutions to these problems.
1 Problems existing in the maintenance and transformation of numerically controlled machine tools
(1) Lack of a relatively safe operating environment. CNC machine tools must operate in a constant temperature environment. Excessive temperature changes will cause abnormal operation of the equipment or even damage. Placing it with equipment with strong vibration or electromagnetic interference will also damage the internal components of the CNC machine tool. Failure to install protective doors to protect equipment subject to projections; the installers of certain specific devices did not install them in accordance with regulations and did not completely install certain components. Lack of attention to power supply issues caused a power outage; an unvalued state in the event of a fault. More serious consequences: dust and metal powder floating in the workshop can easily cause the insulation resistance between components to decrease, causing the CNC machine tool to malfunction or even damage some internal components.
(2) Connect the neutral line to the PE randomly. According to the relevant technical requirements for the operation of CNC machine tools, the protective ground wire cannot be connected to the neutral wire inside the electrical appliance, and the dual-use PE terminals cannot be installed at inside the mechanical electrical cabinet. However, due to the lack of knowledge in this area of some maintenance personnel in the company, during the maintenance process of the CNC machine tool, the two wires of the machine tool were connected, forming a strong voltage, causing damage to the operator’s own equipment. the safety of people.
(3) The power supply is not in a single state. Since CNC machine tools have very strict power requirements, a special power supply must be prepared when the machine tool is in operation. However, in real work, for convenience, workers usually route extra wires to the power supply where the electrical equipment is located. This leads to the fact that when the machine tool breaks down for maintenance, the power supply to the equipment is interrupted. only cut off, but the main power supply is not disconnected. Not only are electrical equipment easily damaged, but the personal safety of maintenance personnel cannot be guaranteed.
(4) Protection of electrical equipment is not in place. If the engine heat reaches a certain level, the engine may burn out. Therefore, corresponding heat dissipation protection measures should be taken for continuously operating motors over 500W. However, in actual operation, the heat dissipation protection device generally does not correspond to the motor to be protected and heat induction cannot meet the requirements. When the motor heat has exceeded the critical value, the protection induction device time is not synchronized. This difference seriously affects the emergency response of the protection device and the protection function cannot be performed.
(5) CNC operators are not sufficiently aware of prevention. The structure of CNC equipment is very complex and the risk factor is high. However, CNC operators are not sufficiently aware of safety precautions and self-protection during installation and use if they do not operate in accordance with the prescribed technology and requirements. they will not only easily cause damage to the equipment, but also cause damage to the equipment. My own personal security is extremely precarious. Failure to record and mark equipment that has been repaired or modified will result in secondary impediments to future repairs and modifications of the equipment.
2 Methods for repairing and modifying CNC machine tools
(1) Technical key points of large-scale special CNC equipment. Special large-scale CNC equipment needs to divide the coordinate axis into different levels of high and low axes, and pay special attention to the details of its relaxation and clamping. Generally speaking, in order to improve the speed change in the high constant power area so that the gear can also transmit relatively large torque when operating at low speed, larger CNC machine tools will use the transmitting the movement of the gear as the main axis. In order to avoid the phenomenon of gear ejection when shifting gears, the problem of gear shifting in general can be solved by using the instantaneous characteristics of automated electrical equipment. The time delay relay is used to detect whether high inertia machine components are delayed. At this time, the limit switch used to respond whether the computer has succeeded in the gear must enter the password in an instant, and the PAL system does not require it. It is difficult to achieve and cannot effectively solve this problem. Therefore, you should always pay attention to the manual gear shift on the panel to solve this omission. In order to realize the specific CNC transformation function of machine tools, only the function of parameter macros to transmit information between calling PLC programs and part programs can be realized.
(2) Need to control the structure of the CNC machine tool. If you want to repair and modify CNC machine tools, as well as find and solve faults effectively and quickly, you need to fundamentally understand the structural problems of CNC machine tools. For advanced equipment imported from abroad, the country and enterprises not only need to think about how to use it, but also need to actively research it, master foreign advanced technology, understand the internal structure of machinery equipment- CNC tools, learn from foreign advanced experience and integrate into for personal use. Only in this way can we quickly and accurately find out the cause of a CNC equipment failure and prescribe the appropriate medication.
(3) Guide rails of CNC machine tool equipment. In order to avoid the phenomenon of guide rail deformation during the production and processing of CNC machine tools, thereby affecting the processing precision, during production operations, we must not only pay attention to the precision and operation of the lathe guide system, but also pay attention to the wear resistance and friction resistance of the guide rails Performance, always be prepared to protect the guide rails with lubricants and some protective measures. Since most of the gears of ordinary machine tools are concentrated in the spindle box and gear box, and CNC machine tools have higher precision requirements, in order to ensure the precision of CNC machine tools , when modifying, it is necessary to meet the clearance requirement. -free rotation. Strict requirements.
(4) Debugging and acceptance of maintenance and transformation of CNC machine tools. When repairing and transforming CNC machine tools, a necessary step is to scientifically and reasonably debug the equipment related to CNC machine tools. Professional technicians can debug equipment in a debugging sequence from simple to difficult, from outside to inside, from small to large. The relevant equipment is precisely debugged to bring mechanics, hydraulics, optics and detection to a scientific level. And in accordance with the structural characteristics of CNC machine tools and the principle of seeking truth from facts, maintenance standards for CNC equipment are formulated.
(5) Cultivate professional CNC equipment maintenance and processing personnel. Since reform and opening up, my country’s economy has developed rapidly. In order to meet the needs of the rapid development of the machine tool industry, various companies have introduced many advanced CNC equipment from abroad. they themselves have not developed their own technology for maintaining CNC machine tools, which leads to the need to hire external personnel to repair the equipment in the event of a breakdown. This limitation significantly increases the company’s production costs. In addition, because the technical level of the maintenance personnel within the company is not up to par, they cannot accurately identify the fault location and prescribe appropriate remedies when carrying out a repair. emergency maintenance. This not only fails to solve the equipment failure problem, but can also do so. cause other safety risks. Therefore, it is very important and urgent to train a group of professional technical talents in CNC machine tool maintenance. The technical training of CNC equipment maintenance personnel should be carried out by specialized personnel, and the country should provide strong support, establish special training institutions, issue professional technical publications, introduce corresponding machines and equipment, and train people of high quality and high capacity. The staff. Technical talents need to be trained and upgraded to acquire mechatronics knowledge and improve their ability to repair and modify CNC equipment.
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