Emerging Trends in Laser Technology: Applications in Industry and Research
In recent years, the use of laser welding technology has become increasingly prevalent in various industrial sectors, including aerospace, shipbuilding, and vehicle manufacturing. The Harbin Welding Research Institute, a pioneering organization in China, has been at the forefront of researching and developing this technology, with a focus on solid high-power laser welding. To promote the application of laser welding technology in production, this article summarizes the key findings and applications of laser welding associated with the Harbin Welding Research Institute.
Laser Welding Research and Applications
- Research on Laser Welding Technology
In the mid-1990s, the Harbin Welding Research Institute introduced the German company Haas 2K’s solid-state YAG laser, which was used to predict the weld form (mainly the depth of welding fusion) based on neural networks for experimental research and production.
Laser Welding Applications
Laser welding technology developed by the Harbin Welding Research Institute is mainly used in the field of civil manufacturing, particularly in the vehicle manufacturing industry. The welding forms used include the saddle-shaped welding of car steering cylinder components and three-dimensional space laser-robot welding of high-end car headlight supports. Figure 5 illustrates a high-end car headlight support with a welded component.
In addition, the Harbin Welding Research Institute has applied laser welding technology to the welding of stainless steel tapes, welding electronic steel switches in stainless steel control, and welding new fields with thin walls and precision instruments for military weapons and equipment.
Research and Applications of Laser + Arc Composite Welding Technology
- Research on Welding Technology for Laser + Arc Composite Heat Sources
The research and development of welding technology for the laser + arc composite heat source focuses mainly on the composite of solid high-power (ND: YAG) + GMAW arcs. The research has explored the welding characteristics of the composite heat source with short-circuit arc and high-power laser.
Achievements and Applications of Laser + Arc Composite Welding Technology
Research on the welding characteristics of the composite heat source with short-circuit arc and high-power laser has demonstrated the importance of adding laser light to the short-circuit transition arc. Figure 7 shows the tension and current wave diagram of the short-circuit transition arc, while Figure 8 illustrates the voltage and power wave diagram of the 16 V arc voltage, 50A welding current, and 1.5 m/min welding speed during composite welding with a 1200 W laser.
Future Directions and Challenges
As laser technology continues to evolve and improve, it is essential to address the challenges associated with its application, such as the need for specialized equipment, trained personnel, and maintenance costs. However, the benefits of laser technology, including increased product quality, reduced production time, and reduced material waste, make it an attractive option for many industries.
Conclusion
The Harbin Welding Research Institute has made significant contributions to the development of laser welding technology and its applications in various industries. The research and development of laser + arc composite welding technology demonstrate the potential of this technology to improved welding quality and increased efficiency. As the industrial sector continues to evolve, laser technology is likely to play an increasingly important role in shaping the future of manufacturing.
